雨水污染对城市景观水体水质及苦草生态功能性状的影响  

The impact of stormwater pollution on the urban landscape water quality and the functional characteristics of the Vallisneria natans

作　　者：李檬 李鹏峰 孙永利 黄鹏 田腾飞 张文安 范波 隋克俭 尚巍 李家驹 LI Meng;LI Pengfeng;SUN Yongli;HUANG Peng;TIAN Tengfei;ZHANG Wen’an;FAN Bo;SUI Kejian;SHANG Wei;LI Jiaju(North China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.LTD.,Tianjin 300074;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Drainage System,Tianjin 300074)

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司,天津300074 [2]天津市城镇排水系统重点实验室,天津300074

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第7期241-250,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFC3203105);住房和城乡建设部科技计划项目(No.2022-K-166)。

摘　　要：城市雨水排放污染对水体沉水植物群落健康的冲击影响是水体管理的一项重要挑战.本研究以典型沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)为研究对象,探讨了雨水污染对水体水质以及苦草表型和功能性状的影响.同时,还探究了携污雨水中悬浮固体(SS)去除对缓解冲击影响的功效.结果表明:高负荷(SS>700 mg·L^(-1))污染的雨水对水体CODCr、ORP、DO等水质指标产生显著影响,导致河流出现“黑臭”现象.苦草的生物量、叶宽和叶片含水量显著下降,叶片出现明显的红斑和褪绿症状.植株的氮和磷吸收速率分别下降42%和67%,且植株磷吸收功能在携污雨水冲击下更易受损,将造成苦草对水体中磷的净化效果显著降低.这些影响随着SS负荷的降低而减轻.此外,强化一级处理(Pre-RP)可以有效控制携污雨水中的高负荷SS,减少其对水体水质和苦草生长状况的影响,在Pre-RP中苦草的表型和功能性状可以保持与空白对照(BC)相当的水平.在高负荷冲击下,苦草的不良表型变化可能是受遮光效应、缺氧、细胞损伤等复杂因素的影响,且与SS浓度呈正相关,这表明污染雨水中SS浓度是导致苦草生长不良的主要驱动因素之一.因此,通过加强一级处理来减少污染雨水中的SS,可以快速有效地缓解携污雨水对水体水质的影响,保持苦草健康生长状态.Maintaining the healthy growth of submerged macrophytes in urban rivers is a challenge due to the harmful effects of polluted stormwater discharge in wet weather.This study focused on Vallisneria natans(V.natans),a typical submerged macrophyte,to investigate the impact of polluted stormwater on the water quality of an urban river and the phenotype and functional traits of V.natans.The study also explored the effectiveness of removing suspended solids(SS) from polluted stormwater to mitigate the impact of polluted stormwater.The results showed that high-load(SS >700 mg·L^(-1)) polluted stormwater significantly affected water quality indicators,such as COD_(Cr),ORP,and DO,resulting in an occurrence of the “black and odorous” phenomenon in the studied river.The biomass,leaf width and moisture content of V.natans decreased significantly,the leaves of V.natans exhibited noticeable red patches and chlorosis.The plant N and P uptake rates also decreased by 42% and 67%,respectively,and the P uptake function of V.natans was more vulnerable to the impact of polluted stormwater,which would greatly reduce the purification effect of V.natans on phosphorus in water.These adverse effects of polluted stormwater on V.natans decreased concomitantly with the decline of the SS load.Furthermore,the enhanced primary treatment(Pre-RP) of polluted stormwater effectively decreased the high-load SS in polluted stormwater,thereby reducing the impact of polluted stormwater on water quality and V.natans' s growth.The phenotype and functional traits of V.natans in Pre-RP were maintained to be similar to the blank control(BC).The adverse phenotypic changes in V.natans at the high-load SS were positively correlated with the SS concentration,possibly due to complex effects,such as shading,hypoxia,and cell damage,suggesting that the SS concentration in the polluted stormwater was the primary driving factor for the poor growth of V.natans.Therefore,reducing the SS in polluted stormwater by the enhanced primary treatment can quickly and effect

关 键 词：城市内河 沉水植物 降雨污染 快速净化 生态修复 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]