2012—2022年乌鲁木齐市婚前医学检查变化趋势及空间聚集性特征分析  

Trends and spatial aggregation characteristics of pre-marital medical examination in Urumqi city from 2012 to 2022

作　　者：夏依达·艾尼 玛尔哈巴·阿布都热西提 胡韦菊 梁晓菲 阿丽耶·艾力 阿斯木古丽·克力木[1] Xiayida AINI;Merhabao ABDURXIT;HU Wei-ju;LIANG Xiao-fei;Aliye AILI;Asimuguli KELIMU(School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,The 14^(th) Five-Year Plan Distinctive Program of Public Health and Preventive Medicine in Higher Education Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆维吾尔自治区“十四五”高等学校特色学科-公共卫生与预防医学,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第13期2342-2347,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院科技计划项目(202204)。

摘　　要：目的 分析乌鲁木齐市2012—2022年婚检变化趋势、主要疾病检出情况与空间分布格局,为疾病预防和优生优育提供基础资料。方法 以乌鲁木齐市2012—2022年《婚前保健年报表》为基础,对婚检率以及婚检主要疾病检出情况进行描述性分析,采用joinpoint回归分析、空间自相关分析探究乌鲁木齐市婚检水平的时空分布特征。结果 2012—2022年乌鲁木齐市11年间的平均婚检率为61.79%。婚检率在2015年出现了拐点,整体呈显著上升趋势AAPC=58.012(95%CI:34.388~85.790)。11年间的婚检疾病检出率平均为6.43%,其中指定传染病、内科系统疾病和生殖系统疾病在不同年度的检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。乌鲁木齐市婚检水平从低-高聚集,转变成了高-低聚集。热点区域从2012年的天山区转移到了2022年的新市区,而冷点区域从2017年的大阪城区转移到了2022年的天山区。结论 2012年以来乌鲁木齐市婚检率逐年上升,但近几年呈增长缓慢;疾病检出人数增加,男女患病情况各异,婚检水平整体聚集现象不显著,局部地区聚集水平有异。需要进一步加强全市婚前保健工作,为疾病三早预防和优生优育提供依据。Objective To analyze the trends in pre-marital medical examinations(PME)and the detection of major diseases,as well as the spatial distribution patterns in Urumqi city from 2012 to 2022,to provide foundational data for disease prevention and promoting healthy births.Methods Based on the“Annual Report on Pre-marital Health”of Urumqi city from 2012 to 2022,descriptive analyses were conducted on the PME rate and the detection of major diseases.The Joinpoint regression analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were employed to explore the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PME levels.Results The average PME rate in Urumqi over 11 years was 61.79%.A turning point in PME rate occurred in 2015,showing a significant overall upward trend(AAPC=58.012,95%CI:34.388-85.790).The average detection rate of diseases during the 11-year period was 6.43%,with statistically significant differences in the detection rates of specified infectious diseases,internal medicine diseases,and reproductive system diseases across different years(P<0.001).Spatially,the PME levels in Urumqi city shifted from low-high aggregation to high-low aggregation.Hotspot areas shifted from Tianshan District in 2012 to Xinshi District in 2022,while cold spot areas shifted from Dabancheng District in 2017 to Tianshan District in 2022.Conclusion The PME rate in Urumqi has increased annually since 2012,but growth has slowed in recent years.The number of detected diseases has increased,with varied incidences between males and females.While overall spatial aggregation of PME levels is not significant,local areas exhibit diverse aggregation levels.Further efforts are needed to enhance pre-marital health services citywide,supporting early disease prevention and promoting healthy births.

关 键 词：婚前医学检查 婚检率 Joinpoint回归 时空分布 

分 类 号：R169.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]