2011—2020年河南省围产儿出生缺陷发生率及变化趋势分析  

Analysis on the incidence and changing trend of perinatal birth defects in Henan Province from 2011 to 2020

作　　者：杜雪铭 程志伟 张猛 王彭彭[4] 梁肖 杜真 胡孟彩[3] 乔艳华 徐锋 赵冰[1] DU Xue-ming;CHENG Zhi-wei;ZHANG Meng;WANG Peng-peng;LIANG Xiao;DU Zhen;HU Meng-cai;QIAO Yan-hua;XU Feng;ZHAO Bing(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第三附属医院妇产科,河南郑州450052 [2]郑州大学第三附属医院病案科 [3]郑州大学第三附属医院保健部 [4]郑州大学公共卫生学院 [5]郑州市妇幼保健院妇产科

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第13期2360-2363,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划省部共建项目(SBGJ202302082)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2011—2020年河南省围产儿出生缺陷的流行病学特征,为出生缺陷的预防工作提供依据。方法 收集2011—2020年河南省37家国家级出生缺陷监测点分娩的围产期新生儿出生缺陷监测资料。采用joinpoint回归描述出生缺陷发病率的变化趋势,采用χ2检验比较不同组别(包括地区、婴儿性别、母亲年龄)的发病率。结果 2011—2020年,河南省监测出生缺陷儿29 418例,总出生缺陷发病率为216.81/万,年发病率呈明显上升趋势(AAPC=20.07%,P<0.001)。城镇、男婴、母亲≥35岁的围产儿出生缺陷发病率分别高于乡村、女婴、母亲<35岁的发病率,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5 545.926、257.052、403.326,P<0.001)。出生缺陷发生率前十位的疾病分别是先天性心脏病(118.47/万)、其他畸形(47.62/万)、多指(趾)(14.34/万)、唇腭裂(10.23/万)、外耳其他畸形(9.74/万)、并指(趾)(5.73/万)、先天性脑积水(5.32/万)、尿道下裂(5.24/万)、马蹄内翻足(4.35/万)、肢体短缩(2.69/万)。结论 2011—2020年,河南省出生缺陷发病率呈上升趋势,应加强出生缺陷综合防治,降低出生缺陷发病率,提高国家人口素质。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of perinatal birth defects in Henan Province from 2011 to 2020 and to provide basis for the prevention of birth defects.Methods Perinatal birth defect surveillance data from 37 national monitoring sites in Henan Province were collected for newborns delivered from 2011 to 2020.Joinpoint regression was used to describe the trends in birth defect incidence,and Chi-square tests compared incidence rates among different groups(including region,infant sex,and maternal age).Results A total of 29418 cases of birth defects were monitored in Henan Province from 2011 to 2020,resulting in a total incidence rate of 216.81 per 10000 births.The annual incidence showed a significant upward trend(AAPC=20.07%,P<0.001).Incidence rates were significantly higher in urban areas compared to rural areas,in boys compared to girls,and in mothers aged≥35 years compared to those<35 years(χ2=5545.926,257.052,and 403.326 respectively,all P<0.001).The top 10 birth defects were congenital heart disease(118.47 per 10000),other malformations(47.62 per 10000),polydactyly(14.34 per 10000),cleft lip and palate(10.23 per 10000),other malformations of the external ear(9.74 per 10000),syndactyly(5.73 per 10000),congenital hydrocephalus(5.32 per 10000),hypospadias(5.24 per 10000),equinovarus(4.35 per 10000),and limb shortening(2.69 per 10000).Conclusion The incidence of birth defects in Henan Province demonstrated a significant upward trend from 2011 to 2020.Comprehensive measures for birth defect prevention and treatment are essential to reduce incidence rates and enhance the quality of the population.

关 键 词：出生缺陷 发病率 影响因素 围产儿 

分 类 号：R174.1[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]