干旱半干旱区露天煤矿排土场植被修复效果评价与归因  

Evaluation and attribution analysis of vegetation restoration effect of open-pit coal mine dumping sites in arid and semi-arid areas

作　　者：张亚萍 李飞跃 张成业 李军[1] 郭丽 毛海涛 卢俊晨 ZHANG Yaping;LI Feiyue;ZHANG Chengye;LI Jun;GUO Li;MAO Haitao;LU Junchen(College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《测绘科学》2024年第4期123-136,共14页Science of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371347,42271480);教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目(202201628);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2023ZKPYDC10)。

摘　　要：针对干旱半干旱区域不同露天矿排土场植被生态修复情况及其驱动因素,该文以胜利西二矿和神延西湾矿排土场为研究对象,基于长时序多源数据,采用时序和趋势分析法对排土场植被恢复过程进行全周期精细时空监测;通过参照排土压占前的植被,对排土场生态修复效果进行评估;结合多元回归残差定量分析气候变化和人类活动两个主要驱动因子对排土场植被变化的影响,并最终预测了植被未来生长趋势。结果表明,两个矿区排土场归一化植被指数(NDVI)在生态修复期间显著增加,NDVI变化趋势以改善为主;但对植被修复效果进行评估发现,神延西湾矿排土场绝大多数区域植被已恢复至压占前水平,修复效果显著,胜利西二矿仅有少部分区域恢复至压占前的水平。两个矿区排土场植被修复的主要驱动因素均为人类活动,其中神延西湾矿排土场植被改善区人类活动平均贡献率高于胜利西二矿。两个矿区排土场大部分区域的植被将持续性改善,神延西湾矿植被未来改善持续性较胜利西二矿更强烈。该文实验结果可为干旱半干旱矿区植被恢复建设以及生态修复提供参考。In view of the ecological restoration of vegetation in different dumping sites within these areas and their driving factors,taking Shengli West No.2 Mine and Shenyan Xiwan Mine as examples,time-series and trend analysis methods were used to comprehensively monitor the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation at the dumping sites based on long time-series multi-source data.The ecological restoration effect was evaluated by comparing it with the pre-occupation vegetation,and the impacts of climate change and human activities as the primary driving factors on vegetation changes at the dumping sites were analyzed.Multivariate regression residuals was emploied to quantitatively assess restoration trends and predict future vegetation growth.The findings indicated that normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)at both dumping sites significantly increased during the ecological restoration period,with a predominantly positive trend.The evaluation of vegetation restoration revealed that the Shenyan Xiwan Mine dumping site achieved substantial restoration,reaching or surpassing pre-occupation levels,while only a small portion of the Shengli West No.2 Mine areas achieved similar levels of restoration.Human activities emerged as the main driving factor for vegetation restoration at both sites,with the Shenyan Xiwan Mine displaying a higher average contribution rate compared to the Shengli West No.2 Mine.The vegetation in the majority of dumping site areas at both mines was projected to continue improving,with Shenyan Xiwan Mine exhibiting a stronger improvement trend than Shengli West No.2 Mine.Experimental results provided reference for the ecological environment restoration of Mine.

关 键 词：排土场 露天煤炭区 生态修复 定量遥感 归一化植被指数 干旱半干旱区域 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] X171.1[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]