从纯粹主义到粗野主义:苏联先锋派建筑对勒·柯布西耶的影响研究  

A Profound Turn of TimesⅢFrom Purism to Brutalism:A Study of the Influence of Soviet Avant-garde Architecture to Le Corbusier

作　　者：韩林飞(文/图)[1,2] 任嘉乐(文/图) HAN Linfei;REN Jiale(Beijing Jiaotong University,School of Architecture and Design)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院 [2]北京交通大学俄罗斯建筑与建设科学院

出　　处：《世界建筑导报》2024年第3期35-43,共9页World Architecture Review

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助,项目批准号:2022JBW1000。

摘　　要：勒•柯布西耶作为现代建筑开创者与旗手,奠定了现代建筑美学基础并推动了20世纪世界建筑的发展。随着时代的发展与个人认知的深入,其建筑风格与思想也发生着转变。早期他在机器美学、纯粹立体主义思想的引导下,创建了现代建筑的理性原则与几何语汇,成为现代主义建筑的标准范式;中期迎来他创作的高峰期,在功能主义设计基础上重新审视自然与地域因素,强调城市与自然的融合。晚期他天才的创造力再次令世人叹服,朗香教堂等现代宗教建筑设计以其独特的造型,粗野主义的形象影响力及精神空间的营造,再次树立了他现代建筑先锋旗手的地位。勒•柯布西耶理论体系形成的过程中不乏受众多理论的影响,但1920-30年代勒•柯布西耶与苏联的交流却鲜为人知,新兴的社会主义国家政体与勒•柯布西耶“设计服务大众”的理念如出一辙,促成了他们之间流年似水的往事。此时期正值勒•柯布西耶建筑体系由基础到成熟的过程,苏联的建筑实践与先锋派建筑思想对他后期粗野主义风格的形成与创作产生深远的影响。本文立足于研究和解密勒•柯布西耶20世纪20-30年代与苏联交流合作的历史,通过系统分析他与苏联交往的历史信息与背景,客观评价苏联先锋派建筑思想在勒•柯布西耶建筑理论体系形成过程中的作用,并结合两者建筑作品的对比探讨,从设计手法与思想等多方面探究苏联先锋派建筑对勒•柯布西耶建筑理论及设计风格的影响,深究从纯粹主义到粗野主义建筑创作思想和设计方法演进中现代建筑的变化,进而较全面地揭示现代建筑开创者勒•柯布西耶的世界贡献。As the pioneer and standard bearer of modern architecture,Le Corbusier laid the foundation of modern architectural aesthetics and promoted the development of world architecture in the 20th century.With the development of the times and the deepening of personal cognition,its architectural style and thinking have also undergone changes.In the early days,under the guidance of machine aesthetics and pure cubism,he created the rational principles and geometric vocabulary of modern architecture,which became the standard paradigm of modern architecture;The mid-term ushered in the peak period of his creation.On the basis of functionalism,he re-examined the factors of nature and region,emphasized the integration of city and nature.In the late period,his genius creativity once again made the world admire.The design of modern religious buildings such as Langchamps Church,with its unique shape,the image influence of rough materials and the creation of spiritual space,once again established his position as a pioneer standard bearer of modern architecture.The formation of Le Corbusier's theoretical system was influenced by many theories,but the exchange between Le Corbusier and the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s was little known.The emerging socialist state regime was exactly the same as Le Corbusier's concept of"design for the masses",which contributed to the fleeting past between them.During this period,Le Corbusier's architectural system was in the process from foundation to maturity,and the architectural practice and avant-garde architectural thought of the Soviet Union had a far-reaching impact on the formation and creation of his later brutish style.Based on the research and decryption of the historical information of Le Corbusier's exchange and cooperation with the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s,through the systematic analysis of the historical information and background of his communication with the Soviet Union,the objective evaluation of the role of the Soviet avant-garde architectural thought in the format

关 键 词：勒•柯布西耶 苏联先锋派建筑 粗野主义 纯粹主义 现代建筑 

分 类 号：TU8[建筑科学]