燃料电池用离心式空压机抗性消声器设计及其消声效果分析  

Design and Noise Reduction Analysis of a Resistant Muffler for Fuel Cell Centrifugal Air Compressors

作　　者：沈瑶瑞 鲍欢欢 刘琦 付建勤[1] SHEN Yaorui;BAO Huanhuan;LIU Qi;FU Jianqin(College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology,Chongqing 401122,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,长沙410082 [2]汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室,重庆401122

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2024年第4期706-714,共9页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1506003);汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(NVHSKL-202102)。

摘　　要：基于计算流体力学耦合计算气动声学的方法,在不同空压机运行工况下分析了穿孔消声器的降噪效果,量化了消声器内的热声转化关系。结果表明,穿孔消声器的空腔厚度和穿孔率对高频组分声波的吸消声起着决定性作用。与低频声波相比,穿孔消声器对高频组分声波的消声效果更好;随转速的增加,穿孔消声器对高频组分声波的消声效果逐渐增强,而对低频组分声波的消声效果几乎无变化。对穿孔消声器内的热声转化分析表明,低转速运行工况下,消声器消声前后声振荡能量几乎全部转化为工质可用能,而在中高转速运行工况下,声振荡衰减的能量转化为工质可用能的比例较小。为设计出可以在宽运行工况下实现宽频降噪的消声器,高转速运行工况下低频组分声波的消声应该作为重点优化的目标,同时也要考虑低转速运行工况下消声器消声前后的热力学性能的改善。为降低离心式空压机的气动噪声提供了一种新的方法,为设计宽工况适应性的高效空压机消声器提供了理论基础。To effectively reduce the noise of the fuel cell centrifugal air compressor system,a perforated muffler capable of broadband noise reduction was designed.Using the method of computational fluid dynamics coupled with computational aerodynamic acoustics,the noise reduction effect of the perforated muffler was analyzed under different operating conditions of the compressor.Additionally,the thermo-acoustic transformation relationship inside the muffler was quantified.The results show that the cavity thickness and perforation rate of the perforated muffler play a decisive role in absorbing high-frequency sound wave components.Compared with the low-frequency sound waves,the perforated muffler is more effective at attenuating high-frequency sound wave components.As the rotational speed increases,the muffling effect on the high-frequency components gradually enhances,while the effect on the low-frequency components remains almost unchanged.The thermal-acoustic conversion analysis of the perforated muffler shows that under low-speed operation conditions,the energy of acoustic oscillation before and after muffling is almost completely converted into the exergy of the air.In contrast,under medium and high-speed operating conditions,the proportion of acoustic oscillation energy converted into air exergy is relatively small.To design a muffler that can achieve broadband noise reduction under various operating conditions,the attenuation of low-frequency sound waves at high rotational speeds should be the primary optimization target.The improvement of thermodynamic performance before and after muffling at low rotational speeds should also be considered.The work presented in this paper provides a new method for reducing the aerodynamic noise of centrifugal air compressors,and offers a theoretical basis for designing high-efficiency air compressor mufflers with wide working condition adaptability.

关 键 词：燃料电池 空压机 抗性消声器 不可逆损失 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]