休牧时期对高寒草甸垂穗披碱草种子大小和萌发特性的影响  

Effects of rest grazing periods on seed size and germination characteristics of Elymus nutans in alpine meadow

作　　者：马凯凯 白梅梅 李颖 鱼小军[1] 徐晶晶 史志翯 戚新和 瞿丹 金辉亮 MA Kai-kai;BAI Mei-mei;LI Ying;YU Xiao-jun;XU Jing-jing;SHI Zhi-zhen;QI Xin-he;QU Dan;JIN Hui-liang(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Grassland Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Station,Lanzhou 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省林业科技推广站,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2024年第3期178-184,共7页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760695);甘肃省草原生态修复治理科技支撑项目。

摘　　要：【目的】确定有利于垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)种子生长和提高种子萌发特性的休牧时期。【方法】在东祁连山天祝高寒草甸设置土壤解冻临界期—牧草枯黄期(RP1)、土壤解冻后期—牧草枯黄期(RP2)、牧草返青初期—牧草枯黄期(RP3)、牧草返青后期—牧草枯黄期(RP4)和当地传统休牧(优势牧草高5 cm—牧草枯黄期)(RP5)5个休牧时期,研究不同时期休牧对垂穗披碱草种子大小、萌发特性及二者之间相关关系的影响。【结果】RP1休牧垂穗披碱草种子面积、周长、长宽比和长度均最大,其中面积、周长和长度较RP5休牧分别增加了15.14%、10.22%和11.97%。RP4休牧千粒重显著高于RP1、RP2和RP5。与RP5相比,提前休牧显著提高了垂穗披碱草种子的发芽势、发芽指数、发芽率、芽长和活力指数,RP1、RP2、RP3和RP4休牧种子的发芽率较RP5分别提高了84.86%、121.23%、127.27%和127.27%。相关性分析表明,垂穗披碱草种子千粒重与发芽势、芽长呈极显著正相关。【结论】RP1休牧可提高垂穗披碱草种子面积、周长、长宽比和长度,且种子具有较好的萌发特性,有利于保护和恢复垂穗披碱草。【Objective】The objective of this study was to determine the rest grazing period conducive to the seed size and germination characteristics of Elymus nutans.【Method】Five rest grazing periods were set up in Tianzhu al-pine meadow of east Qilian Mountain,including the critical period of soil thawing-grass withering period(RP1),the late period of soil thawing-grass withering period(RP2),the initial period of grass regreening-grass withering period(RP3),the late period of grass regreening—grass withering period(RP4)and the local traditional rest grazing(when the dominant plant height was 5 cm—grass withering period)(RP5).The effects of rest grazing in different periods on the seed size and germination characteristics of E.nutans and the relationship between them were studied.【Re-sult】The seed area,perimeter,length width ratio and length were the largest in RP1,and the area,perimeter and length were increased by 15.14%,10.22%and 11.97%,respectively,compared with RP5.The thousand-grain weight of RP4 was significantly higher than that of RP1,RP2 and RP5.Compared with RP5,early rest grazing signifi-cantly improved the germination potential,germination index,germination percentage,bud length and vigor index.The germination percentages of RP1,RP2,RP3 and RP4 were 84.86%,121.23%,127.27%and 127.27%higher than RP5,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that thousand-grain weight was significantly positively corre-lated with germination potential and bud length.【Conclusion】RP1 rest grazing could improve the seed area,perim-eter,length width ratio and lengthof E.nutans,and the seeds have better germination characteristics,which is condu-cive to the protection and restoration of E.nutans vegetation.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 休牧 垂穗披碱草 种子大小 萌发特性 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]