添加剂浓度对锌粉电沉积机理及晶体取向的影响  

Effect of Additives Concentration on the Electrodeposition Mechanism and Crystal Orientation of Zinc Powder

作　　者：谷怀迪 欧阳伦熬 潘明熙 杨聪庆 何亚鹏 郭俊 黄惠[1] GU Huaidi;OUYANG Lun′ao;PAN Mingxi;YANG Congqing;HE Yapeng;GUO Jun;HUANG Hui(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Low-Grade Refractory Gold Ores,Shanghang 364200,China;Zijin Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghang 364200,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093 [2]低品位难处理黄金资源综合利用国家重点实验室,福建上杭364200 [3]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建上杭364200

出　　处：《有色金属工程》2024年第7期90-100,共11页Nonferrous Metals Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52064028);云南省重大科技专项(202202AF080002);云南省科技厅基础研究专项(202101AS070013);昆明理工大学分析测试基金(2022M20212202001)。

摘　　要：针对电解法制备锌粉时晶粒生长择优取向问题,选择新型添加剂对沉积过程的晶体取向影响进行研究。以四正丁基氯化铵为研究对象,利用电化学分析和DFT理论计算推断锌沉积机理,通过SEM、XRD、粒度分析等手段对晶体取向、粒度分布和微观形貌等进行表征。结果表明,在电流密度600 A/m^(2)、25℃及锌浓度为20 g/L的碱性溶液中进行电解制备锌粉的成核过程以瞬时成核为主,Zn(NH_(3))_(4)^(2+)在(101)面和(002)面的吸附能分别为-3.56 eV和-1.84 eV,容易形成(101)面的择优取向。四正丁基氯化铵的加入促进了锌沉积阴极极化,其在(101)面的较大吸附能,吸附在(101)面后隔绝了对锌的吸附,当添加剂浓度为20 mg/L时,得到粒度为32.44μm、(002)面织构系数为66.73%的片状锌粉,有望在锌离子电池中解决锌枝晶的问题而被广泛应用。This paper addresses the problem of grain growth preferential orientation in the preparation of zinc powder by electrolytic method,and selects new additives to study the effect of preferential orientation on the deposition process.Tetra-n-butylammonium chloride(TBACl)was used as the research object,and electrochemical analysis and DFT theoretical calculations were used to deduce the zinc deposition mechanism,and the crystal orientation,particle size distribution and microscopic morphology were characterized by means of SEM,XRD and particle size analysis.At a current density of 600 A/m^(2),a temperature of 25℃,and an alkaline solution with a zinc concentration of 20 g/L,transient nucleation takes the reins of the zinc powder nucleation process,the adsorption energies of Zn(NH_(3))_(4)^(2+)on the(101)and(002)surfaces stand at-3.56 eV and-1.84 eV respectively.These values tip the scale in favor of selective orientation along the(101)surface.The introduction of TBACl introduces a significant shift in the zinc deposition process.Aiding cathodic polarization,this additive exhibits a higher adsorption energy on the(101)surface.Its presence effectively isolates zinc adsorption on the(101)surface,yielding remarkable results.When the additive concentration reaches 20 mg/L,it ushers in the production of flaky zinc powders boasting a particle size of 32.44μm and a remarkable texture coefficient of 66.73%on the(002)surface.This achievement holds substantial promise,particularly in the context of zinc ion batteries,where it offers a potential solution to the vexing problem of zinc dendrite formation.

关 键 词：电沉积 碱性体系 片状锌粉 四正丁基氯化铵(TBACl) 织构 

分 类 号：TF123.1[冶金工程—粉末冶金]