全国人大纵向立法授权的规范构造  

Normative Construction of Vertical Legislative Authorization by the National People’s Congress

作　　者：谭嘉玲 林彦[1] Tan Jialing;Lin Yan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期55-62,200,共9页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：当前的纵向立法授权制度存在授权主体范围扩张的问题。以往位阶理论的研究路径无法解释纵向立法授权行为的性质和规范要求。纵向立法授权本质上是立法权配置的例外方式,其实质依据是国家机构的基本法律制定权,形式依据是最高国家权力机关的兜底性职权条款,主观正当性支持则源于“两个积极性”原则。权限基础、民主要求和宪法惯例表明,授权主体只能是全国人大。但是,2023年《立法法》第八十四条将授权主体扩张至全国人大常委会,这与宪法原旨不符。《立法法》应当遵循纵向立法授权主体只能是全国人大的合宪性要求,并根据规范化、体系化要求完善当前第八十四条的内容设计和结构安排。The current system of vertical legislative authorization faces the issue of expanding the scope of authorizing entities. The traditional hierarchical theory fails to explain the nature and normative requirements of vertical legislative authorization. Essentially, vertical legislative authorization is an exceptional way of allocating legislative power, based on the fundamental law-making authority of state institutions, with formal basis derived from the fallback jurisdiction clause of the highest state organ, and subjective legitimacy supported by the principle of “dual initiative”. The foundational authority, democratic requirements, and constitutional conventions indicate that the authorizing entity must be the National People’s Congress. However, Article 84 of the Legislation Law in 2023 expanded the authorizing entity to include the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, which contradicts the original intent of the Constitution. The Legislation Law should adhere to the constitutional requirement that the authorizing entity for vertical legislative authorization must be the National People’s Congress, and enhance the content design and structural arrangement of the current Article 84 in accordance with the requirements of normalization and systematization.

关 键 词：纵向立法授权 最高国家权力机关 《立法法》 基本法律 央地关系 

分 类 号：D622[政治法律—政治学] D921[政治法律—中外政治制度]