超音速气动喷雾技术噪声特性及致噪机理研究  

Study on noise characteristics and mechanism of supersonic aerodynamic spray technology

作　　者：张天 陶爽[1,2] 葛少成 李胜 佟林全[5] 穆新升 ZHANG Tian;TAO Shuang;GE Shaocheng;LI Sheng;TONG Linquan;MU Xinsheng(College of Safety Science and Technology,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Mine Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China;College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;College of Mining,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China;National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,NHC,Beijing 102308,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学安全科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室,辽宁阜新123000 [3]太原理工大学安全与应急管理工程学院,太原030024 [4]辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院,辽宁阜新123000 [5]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心,北京102308

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第7期2830-2837,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52204216);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2022-BS-331);中国博士后启动基金项目(2022M711456)。

摘　　要：超音速气动喷雾降尘是一种新型的微米级雾滴高效捕尘技术,在呼吸性粉尘治理方面效果良好,但造成的严重噪声污染不可忽视。为探究其噪声特性及致噪机理,研究采用试验的方法,利用YSD130噪声分析仪对超音速同轴雾化降尘装置噪声展开测定,通过对比不同工况下声源处气流噪声与喷雾噪声,分析其在不同压力、水流量下的频谱特性及变化规律。研究显示:超音速动力喷雾噪声以高频噪声为主,随着频率的增加,声压级增加,其噪声均值为110.1 dB,会造成人的听力系统受损。不完全的雾化会导致低频段(<500 Hz)的声压级增加,长期接触易引发神经衰弱、失眠、头疼等症状;更高效的雾化会导致中高频段(≥500 Hz)的声压级增加,长期暴露于该环境易引发声带疲劳、声带炎症等症状。在相同水流量下,随着压力的增大,超音速气动喷雾噪声的声压级呈先增大后减小的趋势。在相同压力下,随着水流量的增加,不同频段的声压级呈先增大后减小的趋势。气流能量降低和层间相对速度下降是噪声强度降低的主要原因。水流量为60 mL/min,气动压力为0.4 MPa时,噪声各项参数最大。研究结果丰富了气动喷雾噪声理论,可为超音速气动喷雾装置结构优化、噪声防治技术装备的研发提供理论支持。To explore the noise characteristics and noise-causing mechanism of supersonic aerodynamic spray dust removal technology,this study adopts the experimental method and uses the YSD130 noise analyzer to measure the noise of supersonic coaxial atomization dust removal device.By comparing the airflow noise and spray noise at the sound source under different working conditions and parameters,the spectrum characteristics and changes of the noise under different pressure and water flow rates are analyzed.The research shows that the supersonic dynamic spray noise is mainly high-frequency noise,and the sound pressure level increases with the increase of frequency,and the average noise is 110.1 dB,which will cause damage to the human hearing system.In the process of atomization,the distribution of the noise spectrum is determined by different atomization amounts and atomization levels.The atomization amount determines the increase and decrease trend of sound pressure level,and the atomization level determines the different noise frequency bands.At 0.3 MPa,the particle size distribution of the droplets is large,and the atomization effect is relatively poor,which increases the sound pressure level of the low-frequency band(<500 Hz),and long-term contact is likely to cause symptoms such as neurasthenia,insomnia,headache,etc.At 0.4 MPa,the particle size distribution of the droplets is small,and the atomization effect is more efficient,increasing the sound pressure level of the middle and high-frequency band(≥500 Hz).Long-term exposure to this environment is likely to cause vocal cord fatigue,vocal cord inflammation,and other symptoms.Under the same water flow,with the increase of aerodynamic pressure,the sound pressure level of supersonic aerodynamic spray noise increases first and then decreases.Under the same pressure,with the increase of water flow,the sound pressure level of different frequency bands increases first and then decreases.The decrease in airflow energy and interlayer relative velocity is the main reason for

关 键 词：环境工程学 气动喷雾噪声 超音速气动雾化 噪声测量 频谱特性 致噪机理 

分 类 号：X593[环境科学与工程—环境工程]