作物磷高效遗传改良与生物安全研究进展  

Research Progress on Genetic Improvement and Biosafety of Crop Phosphorus Efficiency

作　　者：徐纪明 陆宏 吴忠长 毛传澡[1] XU Ji-Ming;LU Hong;WU Zhong-Chang;MAO Chuan-Zao(Institute of Plant Biology,College of Life Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院植物生物学研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2024年第8期1909-1922,共14页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF1000402)。

摘　　要：磷(phosphorus, P)是植物生长发育必需的大量营养元素之一,在植物生长发育过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。植物磷养分吸收利用的生理及分子调控机制的解析,是通过遗传改良提高作物磷吸收利用效率的基础。由于砷酸盐与磷酸盐具有相似的化学性质,在提高作物磷吸收的同时,砷酸盐的吸收也可能同时提高,因此通过遗传改良提高作物磷养分吸收效率的同时,作物砷元素含量,尤其是可食用部位的含量也需要重点关注。本文综述了植物磷吸收、转运及磷信号调控机制,磷、砷偶联吸收分子机制等的研究进展,并对目前作物磷高效遗传改良模式进行了总结,以期为作物磷高效遗传改良及生物安全评价提供参考。Phosphorus(P),one of the essential nutrients,plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth and development.Elucidating the physiological and molecular biological regulatory mechanisms of phosphorus absorption and utilization in plants is the basis for the genetic improvement on the efficiency of crop phosphorus absorption and utilization.Due to the similar chemical properties of arsenate and phosphate,the absorption of pentavalent arsenic may increase simultaneously with the improvement of crop phosphorus absorption.Therefore,during the process of genetic improvement on crop phosphorus absorption efficiency,attention should also be focused on the content of arsenic elements in crops,especially in edible parts.This article reviews the research progresses on plant phosphate absorption and transport,phosphate signal regulation mechanisms,as well as the molecular mechanisms of coupled absorption of phosphorus and arsenic.The current studies on the genetic improvement of crop phosphorus efficiency were also summarized.This review provides reference for the genetic improvement on crop phosphate efficiency and related biosafety assessment.

关 键 词：磷高效 遗传改良 砷酸盐 生物安全 

分 类 号：S183[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q945.12[生物学—植物学]