三江源区不同生境多枝黄耆表型性状变异及其对生境因子的响应  

Variation of Phenotypic Traits of Astragalus Polycladus in Different Habitats of the Sanjiangyuan District,China and its Response to Environmental Factors

作　　者：刘青青 吕亮雨 蔡宗程 韩燕 施建军[1] LIU Qingqing;LV Liangyu;CAI Zongcheng;HAN Yan;SHI Jianjun(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Science,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《高原科学研究》2024年第2期30-39,共10页Plateau Science Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK1002);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201600).

摘　　要：植物的遗传特征和外在环境条件的差异共同决定了植物功能性状的表达,植物功能性状可以反映物种对环境条件的适应策略。文章采用大样本抽样调查与统计分析方法对三江源地区6个多枝黄耆居群的19个表型性状多样性进行了差异性分析、主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:(1)差异性分析表明,表型性状在不同居群间的差异性不同,19个表型性状的变异系数为0.51%~25.76%,花序数、叶序数、叶形指数和种子数变异系数最大,均超过10%;(2)相关性分析表明,除种子数、花序数、种形指数、根系深度以及营养枝茎长与其他性状间没有显著或极显著相关关系外,其他性状间均存在相关关系,经度、海拔与种形指数间有一定的相关关系,土壤电导率是对多枝黄耆表型性状影响最大的环境因子;(3)主成分分析筛选出3个主成分,累计贡献率为84.396%,说明这3个主成分能够反映多枝黄耆表型性状的绝大部分信息;(4)聚类分析表明,6个多枝黄耆居群中,河南县居群、玉树市居群、玛沁县居群为1类,该类植株为高大型,达日县居群、甘德县居群、木里镇居群为1类,该类植株为低矮型。The genetic characteristics of plants and the differences in external environmental conditions jointly determine the expression of plant functional traits.Plant functional traits can reflect the adaptation strategies of species to environmental conditions.The difference analysis,principal component analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on the diversity of 19 phenotypic traits of 6 populations of Astragalus polycladus in Sanjiangyuan area by large sample sampling survey and statistical analysis.Difference analysis showed that phenotypic traits were different among different populations.The variation coefficient of 19 phenotypic traits was 0.51%∼25.76%,among them inflorescence numbers,leaf order numbers,leaf shape index and seed numbers have the largest variation coefficient,all exceeding 10%.Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant or extremely significant correlation between seed numbers,inflorescence numbers,seed shape index,root length,vegetative branch length and other traits,but there were correlations between other traits.There was a certain correlation between longitude,altitude and seed shape index.Soil conductivity was the most important environmental factor affecting the phenotypic traits of Astragalus polycladus.Three principal components were screened out by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 84.396%,indicating that these three principal components could reflect the most of the information of phenotypic traits of Astragalus polycladus.The cluster analysis showed that among the six populations,Henan,Yushu and Maqin populations were classified into one group with tall and large plants,and Dari,Gande and Muli populations were classified into another group with low and dwarf plants.

关 键 词：多枝黄耆 方差分析 相关性分析 表型性状 生境因子 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]