高原世居成年藏族慢性肾脏病调查研究  

Investigation on Chronic Kidney Disease in Native Tibetan Adults Living in High-Altitude Areas

作　　者：白玛康卓[1] 春花[1] 格桑曲珍[1] 阿旺旦增[1] 德吉曲宗[1] Baima-Kangzhuo;Chunhua;Gesang-Quzhen;Awang-Danzeng;Deji-Quzong(School of Medicine,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学医学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《高原科学研究》2024年第2期70-76,共7页Plateau Science Research

基　　金：西藏自治区科技厅自然科学基金项目(XZ202001ZR0055G,XZ202001ZR0040G);西藏自治区科技厅重点研发计划项目(XZ202101ZY0009G).

摘　　要：目的:了解西藏拉萨市娘热乡(海拔3700 m)和山南市普玛江塘乡(海拔5373 m)世居成年藏族慢性肾脏病(Chronic Kidney Disease,CKD)患病现状及其影响因素,为西藏地区防控慢性肾脏病提供基础数据。方法:于2022年8月—2023年10月采用分层随机抽样方法选取拉萨市娘热乡和山南市普玛江塘乡430例年龄≥18岁的世居藏族进行问卷调查、体格检查和慢性肾脏病相关血液学指标检测。结果:430例世居成年藏族居民中CKD患者109例,CKD患病率为25.3%,普玛江塘乡CKD患病率(40.8%)明显高于娘热乡患病率(11.2%)(P<0.05);CKD患病率随年龄的增长而增加;女性患病率(32.2%)明显高于男性(17.3%);饮酒人群患病率(36.0%)高于非饮酒者(22.1%),海拔3700 m人群CKD肾脏损伤主要表现为肾功能减退,海拔5300 m人群肾脏损伤主要表现为血尿;总人群CKD分期主要集中在CKD 1~2期;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高海拔、女性、年龄≥51岁和饮酒是CKD发生的危险因素。结论:拉萨市娘热乡和山南市普玛江塘乡CKD患病率均较高,海拔、性别、年龄和饮酒是CKD患病的主要影响因素。Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)among native Tibetan adults living in Niangre Township,Lhasa City(elevation 3700 m)and Pumajiangtang Township,Shannan City(elevation 5373 m),Tibet.Providing fundamental datafor CKD prevention and control in Tibet.Method:From August 2022 to October 2023,a total of 430 native Tibetan adults aged 18 years and above living in NinagRe Township,Lhasa City,and Pumajiangtang Township,Shannan City were selected using a stratified random sampling method.They underwent questionnaire survey,physical examinations,and biochemical tests related to chronic kidney disease.Result:Among the 430 native Tibetan adults living in Niangre Township,Lhasa City,and Pumajiangtang Township,Shannan City,109 were diagnosed with CKD,resulting in a prevalence of 25.3%.The CKD prevalence in Pumajiangtang Township(40.8%)was significantly higher than that in Niangre Township(11.2%)(P<0.05).The prevalence of CKD increased with age,with a higher rate in females(32.2%)compared to males(17.3%).The prevalence was also higher in individuals who consumed alcohol(36.0%)compared to non-drinkers(22.1%).At an altitude of 3700 m,kidney damage mainly manifested as renal function decline,whereas at an altitude of 5300 m,it primarily manifested as hematuria.The majority of CKD cases were in stage 1 to 2.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis indicated that high altitude,female gender,age≥51 years,and alcohol consumption were risk factors for CKD.Conclusion:The prevalence of CKD in Niangre Township,Lhasa City,and Pumajiangtang Township,Shannan City,are relatively high.Altitude,gender,age,and alcohol consumption are the main influencing factors for CKD prevalence.

关 键 词：海拔 慢性肾脏病 患病率 世居成年藏族 

分 类 号：R692[医药卫生—泌尿科学]