国际多边出口管制机制的特征、趋势及应对举措  

Features, Trends, and Responses of International Multilateral Export Control Mechanisms

作　　者：冯洁 庞宇[1] 王健[1] 应益昕 王晔博 郭明 FENG Jie;PANG Yu;WANG Jian;YING Yixin;WANG Yebo;GUO Ming(National Center for Science&Technology Evaluation,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]科技部科技评估中心,北京100081

出　　处：《全球科技经济瞭望》2024年第5期22-29,共8页Global Science，Technology and Economy Outlook

摘　　要：以瓦森纳安排、澳大利亚集团、核供应国集团、导弹以及其技术控制制度为代表的国际多边出口管制机制是美国等西方国家遏制中国科技创新的重要抓手,对中国半导体、量子、人工智能等关键和新兴技术发展影响重大。通过对以上主要国际多边出口管制机制的特征和新趋势进行梳理,分析其在当前国际形势下对中国的影响,最后提出了做好跟踪研判、开展关键和新兴技术攻关、完善出口管制法律体系、扩大国际交流合作等方面的中国应对举措。The international multilateral export control regimes,such as the Wassenaar Arrangement,the Australia Group,the Nuclear Suppliers Group,and the Missile Technology Control Regime,are the most important tool for Western countries to curb China’s development of critical and emerging technologies such as semiconductors,quantum computing,and artificial intelligence.By sorting out the characteristics and new trends of these international multilateral export control regimes,this paper analyzes their impact on China under the current international situation.China’s response measures in terms of tracking and judgment are proposed—carrying out research and development on critical and emerging technologies,improving the legal system of export control,and expanding international exchanges and cooperation.

关 键 词：多边出口管制机制 非正式组织 管制清单 两用物项 

分 类 号：F752.7[经济管理—国际贸易] G353.1[经济管理—产业经济] D97[文化科学—情报学]