犯罪认定中时空标准的法治逻辑及其控制——以电信网络诈骗犯罪的新型入罪标准为视角  

Logic of Rule of Law of Spatiotemporal Standard in Criminal Identification and Its Control--From the Perspective of New Types of Criminalization Criteria for Telecom and Online Frauds

作　　者：李怀胜[1] Li Huaisheng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第7期78-93,共16页Law Science

摘　　要：犯罪行为发生于时空之中,时空要素广泛存在于我国刑法体系里。在惩处电信网络诈骗犯罪的现实压力下,司法解释将时空要素作为诈骗罪的入罪标准,这是对刑法传统定量体系的一次突破。时空标准的直接诱因是为应对信息化背景下诈骗犯罪数额入罪标准的虚置化,体现了司法机关的秩序偏好和功利优先的政策导向,也是客观情势和公共政策共同推动的产物。但时空标准存在以间接事实推定稀释实体公正、实质替换诈骗罪构成要件以及改变我国刑法以行为为中心、以结果为重心的评价标准等问题,因而仅可作为偶发性的司法尝试,不能作为一般性的规则。除了坚持对电信网络诈骗犯罪时空标准的限缩解释外,还应在程序和实体两方面完善对时空标准的法治控制,以满足我国刑法犯罪评价体系的人权保障需求。Crime occurs in a specific time and space,so the time and space elements are prevalent in Chinese criminal law system.Under the practical pressure of punishing telecom and online fraud crime,the judicial interpretation establishes the time and space standard of telecom and online fraud crime,which is a breakthrough with the traditional quantitative system of criminal law.The time and space standard is directly induced by the demand to response the ineffectiveness of amount standard of criminalization for fraud crimes under the background of informatization,which reflects the orientation of judicial policy for order and utility,and is a mutual product of objective situation and public policy.However,time and space standard has a number of problems such as diluting substantive justice with indirect factual presumption,replacing the construction of fraud substantially,and changing the behavior-centered and result-centered evaluation criteria of Chinese criminal law,so it only be used as an occasional judicial attempt,not as a general rule.In addition to adhering restrictive interpretation to the time and space standard of telecom and online fraud crime,legal control should be improved in terms of substantive and procedural aspects,to meet the needs for human rights protection of crime evaluation systems.

关 键 词：电信网络诈骗犯罪 司法解释 时空标准 入罪化 法治控制 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]