制造业数字化与劳动收入份额变动  

Manufacturing digitalization and the change of labor income share

作　　者：刘曙光[1] 孔亚文 周宏伟 庞素勤 LIU Shuguang;KONG Yawen;ZHOU Hongwei;PANG Suqin(School of Economics,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Economics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学经济学院,山东青岛266100 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津300071 [3]华中科技大学经济学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2024年第3期44-58,共15页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18VSJ067);中国工程科技发展战略山东研究院咨询研究项目(202002SDZD02)。

摘　　要：制造业数字化转型能够改变劳动力市场格局,对收入分配产生重要影响。以1995—2018年45个国家17个制造业部门为样本,考察制造业数字化对劳动收入份额的影响。研究发现:制造业数字化对劳动收入份额的影响呈现“倒U型”特征,这种特征在发达国家中比较突出,在发展中国家中不明显;相比于国外投入,国内投入数字化对劳动收入份额的“倒U型”影响较早达到拐点;制造业数字化与直接出口、间接出口以及再进口活动的劳动收入份额分别呈抑制、促进和“倒U型”关系。机制检验显示,制造业数字化主要通过工资率效应和价值链分工效应对劳动收入份额产生“倒U型”影响。进一步分析发现,制造业数字化能够缩小高-低技能和中-高技能劳动者的工资差距。拓展性分析表明,资本-劳动比和行业竞争程度的提高均使劳动收入份额由升转降的拐点提前。研究可为推动制造业数字化转型与完善收入分配制度提供重要启示。The digital transformation of manufacturing reshapes the structure of the labor market and significantly influences income distribution.This study examines the implications of manufacturing digitalization on labor income share,leveraging data from 17 manufacturing sectors across 45 countries for the period from 1995 to 2018.The results show that the digitalization of manufacturing has an inverted U-shaped relationship with labor income share;this effect is prominent in developed countries but not significant in developing countries.The turning point in the inverted U-shaped relationship between domestic input digitalization and labor income share occurs sooner than when the impact is from a foreign input.The manufacturing digitalization exhibits curbed,enhanced,and inverted U-shaped patterns for labor income shares of direct export,indirect export,and re-import activities,respectively.The mechanism test shows that the digitization of the manufacturing industry influences the labor income share via its effects on wage rates and the division of global value chains.Further,the digitization of the manufacturing industry reduces the wage disparity between high-and low-skilled workers,as well as between medium-and high-skilled workers.Extended analysis indicates that the capital-labor ratio and intensifying industry competition hasten the transition of the labor income share from an upward to a downward trajectory.This research offers valuable insights for advancing manufacturing digitalization and optimizing the system of income distribution.

关 键 词：制造业数字化 劳动收入份额 工资率 价值链分工 要素禀赋结构 行业竞争程度 倒U型 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]