贸易自由化如何影响制造业企业就业质量?  

How does trade liberalization affect the employment quality of Chinese manufacturing enterprises?

作　　者：李凯杰 刘冰[2] 董丹丹 LI Kaijie;LIU Bing;DONG Dandan(School of International Business and Economics,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China;School of Economics and Management,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Finance and Trade,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学国际经济与贸易学院,河南郑州450046 [2]北京科技大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [3]辽宁大学金融与贸易学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2024年第3期59-73,142,共16页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BJL100);国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BJL099);国家自然科学基金青年项目(42201185);河南省软科学研究项目(242400410063);河南省研究生教育改革与质量提升工程项目(YJS2024KC36)。

摘　　要：高质量充分就业是增强人民群众获得感和实现共同富裕的关键,在新发展格局背景下探讨贸易自由化的本地就业质量效应具有重要的理论和现实意义。利用中国工业企业数据检验了贸易自由化对中国制造业企业就业质量的影响及作用机制。研究发现,贸易自由化提升了制造业企业就业质量。在经过双重差分模型有效性检验、稳健性检验以及考虑逆向因果和样本选择偏误后,研究结果保持稳健。机制分析表明,贸易自由化通过促进企业改善用工条件、增加福利支出、强化人力资本积累和提高平均收入水平四个路径,提升企业就业质量。异质性分析发现,贸易自由化对企业就业质量的提升效应在高生产率企业、外资企业和低劳动密集度企业中更加明显。拓展分析发现,贸易自由化也有助于城市和微观个体就业质量的提升。研究丰富了国际贸易的本地劳动力市场效应,揭示了贸易自由化对企业就业质量的影响,为进一步实现高水平开放提供经验借鉴和参考。High-quality and sufficient employment is key to enhancing people's sense of gain and achieving common prosperity.In the context of the new development paradigm,exploring the effects of trade liberalization on local employment quality holds significant theoretical and practical importance.Utilizing data from Chinese industrial enterprises,this study examines the impact and mechanisms of trade liberalization on the employment quality within China's manufacturing sector.The research findings indicate that trade liberalization has improved the employment quality of manufacturing enterprises.These results remain robust after conducting validity tests on the difference-in-differences approach,robustness tests,and accounting for reverse causality and sample selection bias.Mechanism analysis reveals that trade liberalization enhances employment quality through four pathways:improving working conditions,increasing welfare expenditures,strengthening human capital accumulation,and raising average income levels.In addition,the heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect of trade liberalization on employment quality is more pronounced in high-productivity enterprises,foreign-funded enterprises,and low labor-intensive enterprises.Last,we find that trade liberalization also contributes to the improvement of employment quality at both urban and individual levels.This study enriches the research on the local labor market effects of international trade,revealing the impact of trade liberalization on enterprise employment quality and providing valuable insights and references for achieving a higher level of openness.

关 键 词：贸易自由化 就业质量 用工条件 福利支出 人力资本积累 平均收入 

分 类 号：F740[经济管理—国际贸易]