外贸是否会带来工资差距及技能极化?——来自中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据的经验证据  

Does International Trade Lead to Wage Disparity and Skill Polarization?Empirical Evidence from CFPS Data

作　　者：肖挺[1] 郭娜 赖剑锋 XIAO Ting;GUO Na;LAI Jian-feng

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学国际经贸学院

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2024年第7期101-114,共14页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“制造企业业务维度对服务化收益影响机制研究:基于与服务供应商合作关系的视角”(项目编号:72262015);江西财经大学第十八届学生科研课题“中欧班列开通对沿线城市劳动力市场极化的影响及机制分析”(项目编号:20231014105822525)。

摘　　要：本文研究在应对贸易一体化时我国不同技能劳动者之间的工资差距和技能分布如何作出相应的反应。利用2010—2020年期间中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据、联合国贸易数据(UNComtrade)等构造面板,在控制内生性问题的基础上,估计结果表明贸易对以所受教育为基准的中级和初级技能劳动者之间的工资差距有负面影响,对高级和中级技能组间的工资差距则有积极影响。且前者对于劳动技能的均值和分布具有负向作用,后者则有正向作用。因此,外贸活动会诱发技能极化,而工资差距解释了由贸易导致技能极化作用的50%。此外,在中年工人组以及高技术密集型行业中,收入差距特别是高中级技能组间的收入差距所带来的技能极化问题更为突出。鉴于一国的技能分配会长远地影响到未来的经济增长和不平等,因此,了解工资收入分配的变化并在政策设计中予以充分考虑至关重要,本文在劳动保障和教育支持等方面提出了相关的政策建议。This paper examines how the wage gap and skill distribution among differently skilled workers in China respond accordingly to trade integration.Using a panel data constructed from China Family Tracking Survey(CFPS)data and UN Comtrade data for the period 2010-2020,and controlling for endogeneity problems,we find that trade has a negative impact on the wage gap between middle and primary skilled laborers based on education received,while it has a positive impact on the wage gap between the senior and middle skilled groups.And the former has a negative effect on the mean value and distribution of labor skills,while the latter has a positive effect.Thus,foreign trade induces skill polarization,and the wage gap explains 50%of the role of trade-induced skill polarization.In addition,in the middle-aged group of workers and high-tech intensive industries,the income gap,especially the income gap between high and middle skill groups,brings about the problem of skill polarization.Given that the distribution of skills in a country affects future economic growth and inequality in the long run,it is crucial to understand the changes in the distribution of wage and income and to take them fully into account in the design of policies,and this paper makes relevant policy recommendations in the areas of labor security and educational support.

关 键 词：外贸 工资差距 技能极化 高技能密集型产业 

分 类 号：F244[经济管理—劳动经济] F240[经济管理—国民经济]