祁连山鸢尾属植物种质资源及开发利用现状调查  

Germplasm Resources and Utilizing Current Situation Investigation of Iris L in Qilian Mountain

作　　者：张燕 ZHANG Yan(Dongdahe Station of Gansu Qilianshan National Nature Reserve Management and Protection Center,Yongchang 737200,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区管护中心东大河自然保护站,甘肃永昌737200

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2024年第3期16-22,共7页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

摘　　要：为探索祁连山鸢尾属植物种质资源的开发和利用途径,调查其种质资源本底数和利用现状,本调查预先设定线状调查路线调查其种质资源分布和个体形态特征,采用问卷和查阅文献的方法调查其利用现状,通过采集种子播种和天然植株播种及分株繁殖,研究不同种的播种发芽率和移栽成活率。调查发现,祁连山共有鸢尾属植物5种,为锐果鸢尾、甘肃鸢尾、准葛尔鸢尾、白花马蔺和马蔺;5种鸢尾属植物中只有马蔺在园林绿化中经采挖野生植株分株栽培后用作观赏,剩余种均未被开发利用;5种鸢尾属植物在播种后,白花马蔺的发芽率最高,为24%;准葛尔鸢尾的发芽率最低,为8%。除甘肃鸢尾和马蔺外,其它植物的发芽率差异性均达到显著水平(P<0.05);5种鸢尾属植物在分株栽植后,马蔺的成活率最高,为95%,准葛尔鸢尾的成活率最低,为75%。在不同鸢尾属植物中,马蔺与准葛尔鸢尾、白花马蔺间成活率差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)外,与锐果鸢尾、甘肃鸢尾间成活率差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。鉴于马蔺已被用于园林绿化,且分株栽植成活高达95%,建议优先开发利用。In order to explore the exploitation and utilization of iris germplasm resources in the Qilian Mountains,we investigated the background number and utilization status of iris germplasm resources in the Qilian Mountains.Firstly,the germplasm resources distribution and morphological character were investigated using the preset linear survey routes,then the exploitation and utilization status were investigated with questionnaire and literature review methods.Furthermore,the seeds were collected and sowed,and the natural plants were dug and transplanted.We studied the sowing germination rate and transplanting survival rate.There were 5 species of Iris L in Qilian Mountain,which were Iris goniocarpa Baker,Iris pandurata Maxim,Iris songarica Schrenk,Iris lacteal Pall,and Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch)Koidz;Only Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch)Koidz had been transplanted to view and admire in landscaping after dug wild plants,the rest species not had been developed and utilized;The germination rate of Iris lacteal Pall was highest of all species(24%),and Iris songarica Schrenk was lowest(8%).Specifically,except for Iris pandurata Maxim and Iris lacteal Pall,the differences between other species were significant(P<0.05);After ramification,the survival rate of Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch)Koidz was 95%which was highest of all species.On the contrary,Iris songarica Schrenk was lowest,which was 75%.There were significant differenced(P<0.05)for germination rate between Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch)Koidz and Iris songarica Schrenk,Iris lacteal Pall,no significant differences(P>0.05)between Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch)and Iris goniocarpa Baker,Iris pandurata Maxim.;In view of the fact that Iris lacteal Pall.var.chinensis(Fisch)Koidz had been used for landscaping,and the survival rate of the branch planting was as high as 95%,it is recommended to give priority to development and utilization.

关 键 词：祁连山 鸢尾属 种质资源 开发利用 现状调查 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]