技术嵌入、制度供给与信息转化:公共服务市场化的创新路径  

Technological Embedding,Institutional Supply,and Information Transformation:Innovative Pathways for the Marketization of Public Services

作　　者：凌争 郭宁 Ling Zheng;Guo Ning

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院 [2]南开大学中国政府发展联合研究中心 [3]清华大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2024年第4期92-101,I0003,I0004,共12页Jiangsu Social Sciences

基　　金：南开大学亚洲研究中心资助课题“数字时代的地方政府创新机制研究”(AS2419)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着我国政府与市场关系发生深刻变革,某些以往由政府提供的公共服务逐渐具备市场化运营的条件。既有研究多从宏观层面为解释不同供给模式的特征和绩效提供理论支撑,论述公共服务市场化过程的各类困境并“对症下药”。然而,亟须对其具体实践的特性进行提炼,使其提升至共性层面,以便规律性地理解“何种力量”在推动“哪些变化”,进而促成“集体行动”并影响最终的治理绩效。公共服务市场化存在难点、堵点的根源在于三个问题尚未厘清:“何种公共服务适合市场化运作”“为何有些公共服务成功实现市场化”“市场化供给的公共服务何以长期存续”。G市“嵌入式养老”和Z市“公交电梯”是成功实现并稳定维系“市场相容”的典型案例,通过深描其变迁过程提炼出的“技术嵌入”“制度供给”“信息转化”三项因素能够回应以上基本问题。第一,技术嵌入改变公共服务供需链条的某些特征进而开启围绕制度变迁的集体行动;第二,制度供给对异质性偏好的吸纳程度影响多重集体行动的水平;第三,专业性知识等信息的有效转化机制激励多元主体调整和维系集体行动。上述逻辑有助于解释市场化为何在理论上“一用就灵”,在实践中却“一放就死”,从而为分析“政府-市场-社会”的多元主体合作提供新视角。As China undergoes profound changes in the relationship between government and market,certain public services previously provided by the government are gradually becoming suitablefor market-oriented operations.Existing research often provides theoretical support from a macro perspective to explain the characteristics andperformance of different supply models, discussing various challenges in the marketization of public services andoffering targeted solutions. However, there is an urgent need to distill the specific characteristics of these practicesto elevate them to a more universal level, allowing for a systematic understanding of "what forces" are driving"which changes", thereby promoting "collective action" and influencing ultimate governance performance. Theroot causes of difficulties and bottlenecks in public service marketization lie in three unresolved questions: "Whattypes of public services are suitable for market-oriented operations?", "Why have some public servicessuccessfully achieved marketization?", and "How can marketized public services sustain in the long term?" The"embedded elderly care" in City G and the "fee-for-service elevators" in City Z are typical cases that havesuccessfully achieved and stably maintained "market compatibility". By deeply describing their transformationprocesses, three key factors have been identified: "technological embedding", "institutional supply", and"information transformation", which can address the aforementioned fundamental questions. First, technologicalembedding alters certain characteristics of the supply and demand chain of public services, thereby initiatingcollective action around institutional change. Second, the degree to which institutional supply accommodatesheterogeneous preferences affects the level of multiple collective actions. Third, effective transformationmechanisms for professional knowledge and other information incentivize diverse actors to adjust and maintaincollective action. This logic helps explain why marketization theoretically "works

关 键 词：公共服务 市场化 集体行动 技术治理 制度绩效 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]