用于饮用水处理的商品纳滤膜理化特性与过滤性能研究  

Research on the physicochemical properties and filtration performance of commercial nanofiltration membranes for drinking water treatment

作　　者：翟春霖 段冬 张欣然 刘彦伶 夏圣骥[1] ZHAI Chunlin;DUAN Dong;ZHANG Xinran;LIU Yanling;XIA Shengji(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,上海200092

出　　处：《给水排水》2024年第6期57-67,共11页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：上海市“科技创新行动计划”自然科学基金面上项目(23ZR1466400)。

摘　　要：针对市政给水领域纳滤工程科学选膜的需求,对18种市售商品纳滤膜进行了理化性质表征与过滤性能评测。结果表明,纳滤膜的纯水渗透系数大多为10~20 LMH/bar;全芳香族与半芳香族聚酰胺膜在形貌结构、官能团组成、表面亲水性与孔径分布方面差异显著。处理天然水时,所有纳滤膜对有机物截留率均高于70%;全芳香族聚酰胺膜大多具有高脱盐率(>90%);半芳香族聚酰胺膜的脱盐率基本在20%~60%,对硬度离子截留率的差异较大。对于苦咸地下水处理等高脱盐需求的应用场景,应选用全芳香族聚酰胺膜;针对去除有机物、保留无机盐的净水需求,建议选用截留相对分子质量为330 Da左右的半芳香族聚酰胺膜。Aiming at the demand for scientific membrane selection for nanofiltration projects in the field of municipal water supply,18 kinds of commercially available nanofiltration membranes were characterized for their physicochemical properties and evaluated for filtration performance.The results show that the pure water permeance of nanofiltration membranes was mostly 10~20 LMH/bar.There were significant differences between fully aromatic and semi-aromatic polyamide membranes in terms of morphological structure,functional group composition,surface hydrophilicity and pore size distribution.When treating natural water,all nanofiltration membranes had a rejection rate of organic matters higher than 70%.Most of the fully aromatic polyamide membranes had a high salt rejection(>90%),while that of the semi-aromatic polyamide membranes was basically 20%~60%with a particularly large distinction in hardness ion rejections.For desalination applications such as brackish groundwater treatment,fully aromatic polyamide membranes should be selected.To meet the water purification requirements of removing organic matters and preserving inorganic salts,it is recommended to use semi-aromatic polyamide membranes with a molecular weight cutoff of about 330 Da.

关 键 词：纳滤膜 给水处理 理化性质 过滤性能 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]