1990-2020年喜马拉雅山中段北坡冰川变化遥感监测  

Remote sensing monitoring of glacier changes on the northern slope of the middle Himalayas from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：冀琴 范亦霏 童丽媛 周凌翔 吴晋扬 JI Qin;FAN Yifei;TONG Liyuan;ZHOU Lingxiang;WU Jinyang(School of Geography and Tourism,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Key Laboratory of GIS Application,Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆401331 [2]GIS应用研究重庆市高校重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《地理研究》2024年第7期1862-1877,共16页Geographical Research

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0990);重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究项目(22SKSZ030);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202200526);重庆师范大学基金项目(23XWB032)。

摘　　要：喜马拉雅山作为中纬度地区冰川作用中心之一,其变化的时空格局特征与气候环境息息相关。本文基于Landsat系列遥感影像,采用比值阈值及目视解译法,分析1990-2020年喜马拉雅山中段北坡冰川的分布和变化特征。结果表明:(1) 2020年冰川面积为2763.72 km^(2),较1990年减少了622.35 km^(2),冰川呈持续退缩状态,年均退缩率为0.61%/a。(2)从地形分布特征看,冰川面积分布随海拔变化呈正态分布趋势,冰川退缩最为显著的区域集中在5500~6000 m,退缩面积达321.03 km^(2)。在3500~4000 m范围内,冰川的年均退缩率最大,为1.12%/a。(3)研究区内非表碛物覆盖型冰川分布面积远高于表碛物覆盖型冰川,且前者年均退缩率(0.78%/a)远大于后者(0.31%/a),表明研究区内表碛物对冰川融化有一定程度的抑制作用。(4) 2020年研究区山谷冰川分布面积最多,为1649.63 km^(2),其次为悬冰川、冰斗-山谷冰川和冰斗冰川,面积分别为574.71 km^(2)、429.39 km^(2)和105.59 km^(2),而平顶冰川分布面积最少,仅为2.40 km^(2)。(5)值得注意的是,山谷冰川中超过一半的冰川表面被表碛物覆盖,而在平顶冰川中并未发现表碛物覆盖型冰川。不同类型冰川受表碛物覆盖影响的程度不同,总体而言非表碛物覆盖型冰川退缩程度更为剧烈,其中在表碛物覆盖区域,悬冰川的年均退缩速率最快,达1.04%/a。As one of the centers of glaciation in the mid-latitude region,the Himalayas are closely related to the climate environment in terms of their changing spatial and temporal pattern characteristics.Based on Landsat series remote sensing images,this study analyzes the distribution and variation characteristics of glaciers on the northern slope of the middle Himalayas from 1990 to 2020 by using ratio threshold and visual interpretation methods.The results showed that:(1)In 2020,the glacier area in the study area decreased to 2763.72 km^(2),a change of 622.35 km^(2) compared with 1990,and the glacier continued to retreat with a rate of 0.61%/a.(2)From the perspective of topographic characteristics,the area of glaciers showed a normal distribution trend with altitude,and the most significant area of glacier retreat was concentrated at 5500-6000 m,with a retreat area of 321.03 km^(2).In the range of 3500-4000 m,the average annual retreat rate of glaciers was the largest,which was 1.12%/a.(3)The distribution area of non-surface moraine glaciers in the study area is much higher than that of surface moraine covered glaciers,and the retreat rate of the former(0.78%/a)is much greater than that of the latter(0.31%/a),indicating that the surface moraines in the study area have a certain degree of inhibition on glacier melting.(4)In 2020,the valley glaciers in the study area had the largest distribution area of 1649.63 km^(2),followed by hanging glaciers,cirque-valley glaciers and cirque glaciers with an area of 574.71 km^(2),429.39 km^(2) and 105.59 km^(2),respectively,while the flat-topped glaciers had the smallest distribution area of only 2.40 km^(2).(5)It is worth noting that more than half of the glacier surface in the valley glaciers is covered by moraines,while no surface moraine cover glaciers are found in flat-topped glaciers.Different types of glaciers are affected by surface moraine cover to different degrees,and in general,the degree of bare ice retreat is more intense,and the average annual retreat rate of hanging

关 键 词：喜马拉雅山中段 冰川变化 冰川类型 遥感监测 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学] TP79[天文地球—地球物理学]