成都市育龄妇女孕前营养指标变化趋势分析  

Analysis of the trend in pre-pregnancy nutritional indicators among women of childbearing age in Chengdu

作　　者：顾玲玲 杨柳 唐立 罗孟军 王玉梅 林娟 田笛 王莉 Gu Lingling;Yang Liu;Tang Li;Luo Mengjun;Wang Yumei;Lin Juan;Tian Di;Wang Li(Department of Health Care,Chengdun Women's and Children's Central Hospital,School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学医学院附属妇女儿童医院,成都市妇女儿童中心医院保健部,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国计划生育和妇产科》2024年第7期67-71,共5页Chinese Journal of Family Planning & Gynecotokology

基　　金：联合国开发计划署/联合国人口基金/世卫组织/世界银行人类生殖研究、发展、科研培训特别计划资助(ActivityID 30229)。

摘　　要：目的分析近10年不同时段成都市育龄妇女孕前营养状况的变化趋势。方法以成都部分地区2014~2016年参加免费孕前优生(孕优)检查的13029名育龄妇女和2020~2022年参加该项目的21109名育龄妇女为研究对象,分析其身高、体质量指数(BMI)、血红蛋白含量(Hb)、空腹血糖(FPG)等孕前营养指标的分布特征和变化情况。结果单因素分析结果显示,两个时间段参加孕优检查的妇女BMI、FPG、Hb、身高比较,差异有统计学意义,体重无差异。相较于2014~2016年,2020~2022年正常BMI的比例增加2.38%,正常FPG的比例降低2.2%,Hb正常的比例增加0.19%,平均身高增加1.3 cm。多因素回归结果显示,控制了年龄和户籍的影响后,Hb正常比例的差异不再具有统计学意义。与2014~2016年相比,2020~2022年育龄妇女身高增加1.54 cm(95%CI:1.42-1.67),孕前异常BMI降低7%(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.88-0.97),异常FPG增加24%(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.17-1.33)。结论2020~2022年,反映成都地区备孕育龄妇女孕前营养的主要指标中,受长期生活方式影响较大的BMI和Hb变化较小且向好,但主要受短期生活方式影响的FPG有变差的趋势。为减少不良营养状况对女性和子代健康的负面影响,建议继续加强备孕期合理膳食和科学运动的健康教育宣传。Objective To analyze the changing trend of pre-pregnancy nutritional status among women of childbearing age in Chengdu over different years of last decade.Methods A total of 13029 and 21109 childbearing-age women who participated in prepregnancy eugenics health examination in some districts of Chengdu,respectively,in 2014~2016 and 2020~2022 were included in the study.The distribution characteristics and changes of their pre-pregnancy nutritional indicators,including height,body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin content(Hb),and fasting plasma glucose(FPG)were analyzed.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that the differences in BMI,FPG,Hb and height between 2014~2016 and 2020~2022 were significant,whereas the difference in weight was not.Compared with 2014~2016,the proportion of normal BMI in 2020~2022 increased by 2.38%,the proportion of normal FPG decreased by 2.2%,the proportion of normal Hb increased by 0.19%,and the mean height increased by 1.3 cm.Multivariate regression results showed that,after adjusting for age and type of household registration,the difference in normal Hb was no longer statistically significant.Compared to 2014~2016,the height of childbearing-age women in 2020~2022 increased by 1.54 cm(95%CI:1.42-1.67),abnormal pre-pregnancy BMI decreased by 7%(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.88-0.97),and abnormal FPG increased by 24%(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.17-1.33).Conclusion During 2020~2022,among the main indicators reflecting the pre-pregnancy nutrition of women of childbearing age in Chengdu,BMI and Hb,which are greatly affected by long-term lifestyle,changed little and improved,but FPG,which is mainly affected by short-term lifestyle,showed a trend of deterioration.In order to reduce the negative impact of nutritional status on the health of women and their offspring,it is suggested to continue to strengthen the health education program on healthy diet and physical activity for the pre-pregnancy period.

关 键 词：育龄妇女 孕前检查 身高 体重 体质量指数 血红蛋白 空腹血糖 

分 类 号：R715.3[医药卫生—妇产科学]