裂缝空间有效性的井下声波检测技术  

3D detection technology of fracture effectivity on acoustic logging

作　　者：唐军[1] 齐戈为 高永德 信毅[3] 蔡明[1] TANG Jun;QI GeWei;GAO YongDe;XIN Yi;CAI Ming(School of Geophysics and Oil Resources,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC Ltd.,Zhanjiang 524000,China;Tarim Oilfield Brach Company,CNPC,Korla 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院,武汉430100 [2]中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司,湛江524000 [3]中国石油塔里木油田分公司,库尔勒841000

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2024年第3期1164-1172,共9页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“致密储层裂缝有效性的双尺度声波测井评价方法研究”(42104126)资助。

摘　　要：对于碳酸盐岩、致密砂岩、页岩等地层中的油气藏而言,裂缝是储层评价的核心参数之一.声测井系列不受泥浆导电性影响,采集便捷经济.本文依托超声成像裂缝定量参数和阵列声波测井多种信息,建立了一套裂缝空间有效性定量评价方案.超声成像测井识别裂缝精度高,利用诱导缝与天然裂缝产状的差异,可以将两者进行区分.结合能量衰减、频散特征信息,交叉偶极子等阵列声波测井可以实现裂缝发育段的定性检测.根据裂缝在空间里的展布规律,结合不同声测井仪器的纵向分辨率以及横向探测深度,将裂缝有效性分为纵向张开性和横向延伸性两大类.超声成像计算的裂缝宽度数值越大、斯通利波渗透率数值越大,裂缝纵向张开性越好;超声成像裂缝长度越长、横波能量衰减越大,阵列声波中快慢横波特征信号变化越大、各向异性越强,同时声波远探测在对应深度有强声反射界面,则表明裂缝横向延伸性越好.裂缝纵向张开与横向延伸均发育的地层评价为裂缝发育地层;裂缝仅纵向张开则评价为一般发育地层.根据多变量分析中因子分析的基本原理,构建裂缝特征参数的相关系数矩阵,选取主要因子变量分配权系数,以此建立裂缝空间有效性判别因子,实现裂缝发育层段的定量评价.利用以上方法对南海西部琼东南盆地花岗岩储层进行了实践应用,突出了声测井系列在裂缝精细评价中的优势,为油公司制订更为经济有效的生产方案提供技术支持.Fracture is one of the core parameters ofreservoir evaluation for carbonate,tight sand and shalereservoirs.Acoustic logging series is not affected by mudconductivity,and the collection is convenient andeconomical.Based on the quantitative parameters ofultrasonic imaging fractures and the S-wave and Stoneleywave logging information of array acoustic wave,a set offracture effectiveness classification and evaluation schemeis established in this paper.Ultrasonic imaging logging hashigh accuracy in identifying fractures.Induced fracturesand natural fractures can be distinguished by the differencein their occurrence.In combination with energy attenuationand dispersion characteristics,cross dipole array acousticlogging can realize qualitative detection of fracturedevelopment section.According to the distribution offracture in space,combined with the longitudinalresolution of different acoustic logging instruments and thelateral detection depth,the effectiveness of fracture can bedivided into two categories:longitudinal opening andtransverse validity.The larger the fracture width andStoneley wave permeability calculated by ultrasonicimaging,the better the longitudinal fracture opening.Thelonger the ultrasonic imaging fracture length is,the greaterthe shear wave energy attenuation is,and the greater thechange of the S-wave spectrum of the near and far probesin the array acoustic wave are,the better the transverseelongation of the fracture is.The strata with bothlongitudinal fracture opening and transverse fractureextension are evaluated as fracture developed strata.If thefractures are only longitudinally open,it is evaluated as agenerally developed stratum.According to the basic principle of factor analysis in multivariate analysis,the correlationcoefficient matrix of fracture characteristic parameters wasconstructed,and the weight coefficient of main factorvariables was selected to establish the validitydiscrimination factor of fracture space and achievequantitative evaluation of fracture development intervals.The above

关 键 词：裂缝 声测井 空间有效性 纵向张开性 横向延伸性 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]