氮磷钾配施对川贝母产量和品质及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield,quality and nutrient absorption of Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don

作　　者：王新月 高旦 杨泽敏 付邵兵 李西文[1] 陈士林[1,2] WANG Xin-yue;GAO Dan;YANG Ze-min;FU Shao-bing;LI Xi-wen;CHEN Shi-lin(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700;School of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of Tradition Chinese Medicine,Guiyang Guizhou 550025;School of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming Yunnan 650500;Qinghai Lvkang Biological Development Co.,Ltd,Xining Qinghai 810003)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]贵州中医药大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]云南中医药大学中药学院,云南昆明650500 [4]青海绿康生物开发有限公司,青海西宁810003

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第5期54-62,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1710600);国家重大新药创制科技重大专项(2019ZX09201005-006-001)。

摘　　要：为探究氮、磷、钾配施对川贝母产量、总生物碱含量和养分吸收的影响,揭示川贝母需肥规律,为川贝母的精细化栽培提供理论指导。以5年生川贝母为试验对象,设氮、磷、钾3个因子和4个浓度水平,共14个处理,测定不同氮、磷、钾浓度配施下的川贝母产量、总生物碱含量和全株中氮、磷、钾含量;通过回归分析拟合氮、磷、钾用量与川贝母产量及总生物碱含量的肥效模型,结合频率分析法获得5年生川贝母生产最适施肥用量。结果表明,氮、磷、钾配施显著影响川贝母产量和总生物碱含量。随着用量的增加,川贝母产量和总生物碱含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。T6(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O分别为24、18、21 g/m^(2))处理和T3(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O分别为12、18、21 g/m^(2))处理下的产量与总生物碱含量分别为899.8 g/m^(2)、0.1794%和871.6 g/m^(2)、0.1745%,显著优于其他处理(P<0.05),其中T3处理的农学效率在14个处理中最高,为30.96%。不同处理下川贝母全株中的氮、磷、钾吸收分配比例保持在50.44%~54.36%、5.72%~7.22%、38.94%~42.33%,无显著性变化。较T6(基准施肥)处理,T2(缺氮)、T4(缺磷)和T8(缺钾)处理的产量和总生物碱含量分别降低了44.42%、32.31%、47.29%和21.29%、14.01%、21.66%。不同肥料对川贝母产量和总生物碱含量的影响表现为氮肥≈钾肥>磷肥。由氮、磷、钾施用量与产量和总生物碱含量拟合的肥料效应模型的相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。基于肥效模型和频率分析法,以产量和总生物碱含量为主要考察指标,5年生川贝母的最适施肥方案为N 15.27~21.72 g/m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)11.85~16.08 g/m^(2),K_(2)O 13.82~18.65 g/m^(2)。This study was aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)on the yield,total alkaloid content and nutrient absorption of Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don,to reveal the fertilization demand pattern of F.cirrhosa,and provide theoretical guidance for commercial cultivation of F.cirrhosa.The classical“3414”design scheme that include 14 treatments with three factors and four levels of N,P and K was employed to determine the yield,total alkaloid content and N,P and K content of five-year-old F.cirrhosa under different N,P and K applications,and the fertilizer effect model of N,P and K dosage with yield and total alkaloid content of F.cirrhosa was fitted by using regression analysis method,combined with frequency analysis to obtain the high-quality fertilizer application dosage of F.cirrhosa.Combined application of N,P and K significantly affected the yield and total alkaloid content of F.cirrhosa.In a certain range of fertilization,the yield and total alkaloid content of F.cirrhosa exhibited a trend of ascending and then descending with the increase of fertilizer application,which was preferred under the dosage of T3(N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)Owere 12,18 and 21 g/m^(2),respectively)and T6(N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O were 24,18 and 21 g/m^(2),respectively).The agronomic efficiency of the T3 treatment was the highest among the 14 treatments,which was 30.96%.The N,P and K absorption and distribution ratios in the whole plant of F.cirrhosa under different treatments were 50.44%-54.36%,5.72%-7.22%and 38.94%-42.33%,respectively,with no statistically considerable variation.Compared with T6(baseline fertilization)treatment,the yield and total alkaloid content of T2(N deficiency),T4(P deficiency)and T8(K deficiency)treatments decreased by 44.42%,32.31%,47.29%and 21.29%,14.01%,21.66%,respectively.The effects of different fertilizers on yield and total alkaloid content of F.cirrhosa were as follows:N≈K>P.The correlation between the application amount of N,P and K and the yield and t

关 键 词：川贝母 配方施肥 产量 肥料效应函数 频率分析 

分 类 号：S567.231[农业科学—中草药栽培]