木醋液配施生物炭对盐碱土壤理化特性和甜菜产量及品质的影响  

Effects of wood vinegar combined with biochar application on physicochemical properties of saline alkali soil of sugar beet in season

作　　者：杨肖飞 李望舒 王树峰 王超[1] 赵翎华 于新睿 庄延龙 王玉波[1] 张鹏飞 李彩凤[1] YANG Xiao-fei;LI Wang-shu;WANG Shu-feng;WANG Chao;ZHAO Ling-hua;YU Xin-rui;ZHUANG Yan-long;WANG Yu-bo;ZHANG Peng-fei;LI Cai-feng(College of Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin Heilongjiang 153030)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨153030

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第5期113-119,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31671622);国家糖料产业技术体系(ARS-170201)。

摘　　要：以甜菜品种KWS 1176为试验材料,在黑龙江省肇东市尚家镇五间村盐碱地(Na+含量为203.33 mg·kg^(-1),pH值8.92)进行小区试验。试验设4个处理,不施加木醋液(CK)、木醋液300 kg·hm^(-2)(BW1)、600 kg·hm^(-2)(BW2)和900 kg·hm^(-2)(BW3),各个处理均施用生物炭(玉米秸秆),用量为600 kg·hm^(-2)。研究表明,木醋液配施生物炭显著提高土壤比表面积(提升1.39%~4.86%)和含水率,降低土壤pH和电导率;显著提高当季土壤有机质和养分(碱解氮、有效磷)含量,播后58 d土壤有机质和养分提升效果显著,其中碱解氮含量、有效磷含量和有机质含量分别提升14.24%~26.87%、21.17%~32.09%和2.51%~41.19%。BW2处理土壤中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)和Cl^(-)含量显著提高,可溶性Na^(+)和HCO_(3)^(-)含量显著降低;显著提高甜菜块根产量和品质,降低块根中钠盐含量、钾盐含量和α-氨基态氮含量,比CK处理块根产量提升5.32%~15.29%,块根含糖率提升0.31%~0.84%。综合分析,BW2对改善当季盐碱土壤理化特性及甜菜块根产量和品质效果最佳。The sugar beet variety KWS 1176 was used as the experimental material and a plot experiment was conducted on the saline alkali soil(Na+content 203.33 mg·kg^(-1),pH 8.92)in Wujian Village,Shangjia Town,Zhaodong City,Heilongjiang Province.Four treatments were set up in the experiment,including without the addition of wood vinegar(CK),300 kg·hm^(-2) of wood vinegar(BW1),600 kg·hm^(-2) of wood vinegar(BW2)and 900 kg·hm^(-2) of wood vinegar(BW3),each treatment was treated with biochar at a dosage of 600 kg·hm^(-2).Results showed that the combination of wood vinegar and biochar significantly increased soil specific surface area(1.39%-4.86%)and water content,while reduced soil pH and electrical conductivity,significantly increased the content of soil nutrients(alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and organic matter)in the current season.The effect of soil nutrient improvement was significant at 58 days after sowing,with alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and organic matter increasing by 14.24%-26.87%,21.17%-32.09%and 2.51%-41.19%,respectively.The content of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-)and Cl^(-)in the soil treated with BW2 were significantly increased,while the content of soluble Na^(+)and HCO_(3)^(-)were significantly decreased;BW2 significantly improved the yield and quality of sugar beet root tubers,reduced the sodium,potassium andα-amino nitrogen content in the root tubers.Compared with CK,the content of amino nitrogen in root tubers was increased by 5.32%-15.29%,and the sugar content in root tubers was increased by 0.31%-0.84%.Overall analysis showed that BW2 had the best effect on improving the physicochemical properties of saline alkali soil during the season,as well as the yield and quality of sugar beet root tubers.

关 键 词：甜菜 盐碱土壤 木醋液 生物炭 土壤理化性质 块根产量 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学] S156.4