调酸培肥技术对井冈蜜柚果园土壤及果实产量和品质的影响  

Effects of acid regulation and fertilization techniques on the soil,fruit yield and quality of Jinggang pomelo orchard

作　　者：梁喜欢 李秀秀 黎鑫林 伍亮 曾天宝 陈先茂[1,2] 谢江[1,2] 邓国强[1,2] 关贤交[1,2] 邹雪兰 旷允慧 戴星照 彭春瑞[1,2] 陈金[1,2] LIANG Xi-huan;LI Xiu-xiu;LI Xin-lin;WU Liang;ZENG Tian-bao;CHEN Xian-mao;XIE Jiang;DENG Guo-qiang;GUAN Xian-jiao;ZOU Xue-lan;KUANG Yun-hui;DAI Xing-zhao;PENG Chun-rui;CHEN Jin(Jinggangshan Institute of Red Soil(Jinggangshan Branch of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences),Ji’an Jiangxi 343016;Soil and Fertilizer&Resources and Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Improvement and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun,Nanchang Jiangxi 330200;Jinggangshan Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee,Ji’an Jiangxi 343016)

机构地区：[1]井冈山红壤研究所(江西省农业科学院井冈山分院),江西吉安343016 [2]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/农业农村部酸化土重点实验室/国家农业环境宜春观测试验站,江西南昌330200 [3]井冈山农业科技园管理委员会,江西吉安343016

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第5期129-135,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：江西省重大科技研发专项(20203ABC28W014);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX201904);江西省吉安市科技计划项目(吉财教指[2019]55号);井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项目(20222-051246)。

摘　　要：井冈蜜柚是江西省果业三大品牌之一,生产中不合理的肥料施用导致的土壤酸化是柚园土壤退化的重要表现之一,也是制约蜜柚果实产量和品质的关键因素。选取江西省吉安市6年树龄金沙柚,在2020-2022年开展田间定位试验,试验设置农民习惯施肥技术和调酸培肥技术(有机肥替代30%化肥+石灰+硅钙钾镁肥+绿肥周年间作)2个处理,研究调酸培肥技术对土壤及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与农民习惯施肥技术相比,采用调酸培肥技术3年,土壤pH平均提高了0.93(P<0.05),土壤有机质含量平均提高了19.17%(P<0.05),土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁、交换性钙含量显著增加,土壤质量指数显著提高了0.25(P<0.05),蜜柚叶片氮、钾、镁和钙含量均随之显著提高。同时,施用调酸培肥技术蜜柚产量显著提高了25.99%(P<0.05),果实维生素C含量和糖酸比分别提高了5.85%和23.60%(P<0.05),可滴定酸含量显著降低。此外,采用调酸培肥技术3年,产值平均增加了3.41万元·hm^(-2),经济效益平均增加了2.28万元·hm^(-2)。综上,调酸培肥技术能够降低红壤区蜜柚果园土壤酸度,提高土壤和叶片养分含量,改善树体营养,提升果实产量和品质,提高果园经济效益,是改善土壤质量、实现井冈蜜柚果园提质增效的有效措施。Jinggang pomelo is one of the three major brands in the fruit industry of Jiangxi province.Soil acidification caused by improper fertilizer application is one of the important feature of soil degradation in pomelo orchards and a key factor restricting the yield and quality of honey pomelo fruits.6-year-old Jinsha pomelo trees in Ji’an,Jiangxi were selected,and field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2022 including two treatments:farmers’fertilization practice and acid regulation and fertilization techniques(substituting 30%chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer+lime+silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilize+green manure intercropping)to investigate the effects of acid regulation and fertilization techniques on soil,fruit yield and quality.The results showed that compared with farmers’fertilization practice,the acid regulation and fertilization techniques increased the soil pH by 0.93 units over 3 years(P<0.05),and the organic matter content by 19.17%(P<0.05).The contents of alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable magnesium,and exchangeable calcium in the soil were significantly increased.The soil quality index(SQI)was significantly improved by 0.25(P<0.05),and the nitrogen,potassium,magnesium,and calcium contents in the pomelo leaves were also significantly increased.Moreover,acid regulation and fertilization techniques significantly raised the yield by 25.99%(P<0.05),and the vitamin C content and sugar-acid ratio of the fruits were elevated by 5.85%and 23.60%,respectively(P<0.05),while the titratable acidity content significantly decreased.In addition,acid regulation and fertilization techniques enhanced the annual output value of pomelo orchard by RMB 34100 per hectare and the average economic benefits by RMB 22800 per hectare over 3 years.In summary,the acid regulation and fertilization techniques could reduce soil acidity in red soil pomelo orchards increase soil nutrient content and nutrient absorption in leaves,improve tree nutrition,enhance fruit yield and

关 键 词：红壤 调酸培肥 井冈蜜柚 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]