转速对铝铜异种金属薄板搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响  

Effect of Rotation Speed on Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Aluminum/Copper Dissimilar Metal Sheet

作　　者：杨瑞琛 王进 高波 张帅 张新月 YANG Ruichen;WANG Jin;ZHANG Shuai;ZHANG Xinyue(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,山东青岛266520

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第7期83-92,共10页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2019GGX102023);国家自然科学基金青年基金(523010090);山东省自然科学基金青年基金(ZR2023QE275)。

摘　　要：探讨了不同转速(1600~2000 r/min)对铝铜异种金属薄板搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响,旨在为铜-铝较薄复合构件的开发提供理论依据。实验采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)技术对接焊铝和铜薄板,通过金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪器(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微维氏硬度计等设备对焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观结构、元素分布、金属间化合物(IMCs)相和硬度分布进行分析,并通过拉伸试验机研究其力学性能。结果表明,在1600~1800 r/min转速下,可获得表面质量良好的焊接接头,且随着转速的增加,IMCs层厚度增加,显微硬度峰值出现在焊核区,平均硬度高于铜侧和铝侧;接头断裂方式为韧-脆混合断裂,断裂位置均在铜铝对接接头处;当焊接速度为30 mm/min,转速1800 r/min时,接头表面质量最佳,IMCs层厚为2.65μm,抗拉强度达到最大值,显示出良好的力学性能,适合于铜-铝较薄复合构件的应用。The microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded butt joints of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal sheets at different rotational speeds(1600~2000 r/min)were studied,which provided a reference for the development of copper-aluminum thinner composite components.Under the condition of 1600~2000 r/min,the friction stir welding(FSW)method was used to weld the copper-aluminum sheet.After the welding was completed,the macroscopic morphology of the welded joint was observed by metallographic microscope.The microstructure of the welded joint was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The element change of the welded joint was studied by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The phase of the intermetallic compounds(IMCs)was studied by X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The microhardness of the welded joint was studied by micro Vickers hardness tester.The tensile properties of welded joints were studied by tensile testing machine.It is found that the welded joints with good surface quality can be obtained at different rotational speeds(1600~1800 r/min).When the rotational speed is further increased,the surface quality is further improved.Complex microstructure was produced at the interface of aluminum matrix and copper matrix,and two intermetallic compounds,Al2Cu and Al4Cu9,were produced.With the increase of rotational speed,the thickness of IMCs also increased.The peak value of microhardness appears in the weld nugget zone,and the average microhardness is higher than that of the copper side and the aluminum side.The fracture modes of the joints at different rotational speeds are all in the form of ductile-brittle mixed fracture,and the fracture positions are all broken at the copper-aluminum butt joints.When the welding speed is 30 mm/min and the rotation speed is 1 800 r/min, the surface quality of the joint is the best and the interface structure is the best. The thickness of the IMCs is 2.65 μm, and the tensile strength of the joint can reach the maximum, which is suit‐able for the development of

关 键 词：搅拌摩擦焊 铜铝异种接头 转速 金属间化合物 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG306[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工] TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]