大城市住房阶层及其社会空间分异研究——以南京为例  

HOUSING CLASS AND ITS SOCIAL SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION IN BIG CITIES:A CASE STUDY OF NANJING

作　　者：宋伟轩[1] 崔璨[2] 叶玲 刘玮辰 SONG Wei-xuan;CUI Can;YE Ling;LIU Wei-chen(Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,210008,China;School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,流域地理学重点实验室,南京210008 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《人文地理》2024年第3期25-35,共11页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171233,42171234)。

摘　　要：中国城市房价快速攀升和住房市场分化背景下,住房资产既能反映家庭财富,也与住房拥有者的社会地位、后代教育和阶层认同等关联密切,住房差异成为城市社会阶层分化与居住空间分异的重要观测指标和评判依据。在借鉴与改进西方住房阶层理论的基础上,基于南京4015份居民调查问卷数据,以住房数量与价值为聚类指标,将样本群体划分为多房阶层、改善阶层、刚需阶层和无房阶层等四类。分别从住房条件、家庭结构、教育程度、职业收入和空间分布等方面分析、比较不同住房阶层差异化的社会属性与空间特征,提出单位制度、住房市场、宅地文化和空间作用的叠加,共同推动着中国大城市住房阶层的形成与分化。以地理思维将空间要素融入到传统住房阶层理论并开展实证探索,初步验证大城市住房阶层分化是客观存在且不断加剧的,它既是社会经济不平等的结果,也是社会空间不平衡的原因。住房阶层研究可以为观测城市社会空间分异开辟一种微观视角和创新路径,也可以为缓解因住房差异导致的城市社会阶层固化风险等现实问题提供决策依据。Under the background of the rapid rise in urban housing prices and the differentiation of the housing market in China,housing conditions can not only reflect family wealth,but also be closely related to the social status of housing owners,the education of future generations and class identity.This paper takes the quantity and level of housing as clustering indices,dividingthe samples into four categories:Landlord class,improvement class,necessity class and houseless class.The social attributes and spatial characteristics of different housing classesare analyzed and compared from the aspects of housing conditions,family structure,education level,occupational incomeand spatial distribution,etc.It is proposed that the joint effects of work unit institution,housing market mechanism,residential culture and spatial function promote the formation and differentiation of housing class in China's big cities.By integrating geographical thinking and spatial elements into traditional housing class theory and carrying out empirical exploration,it is preliminarily verified that the housing class differentiation in big cities objectively exists and continues to intensify.

关 键 词：社会空间 居住分异 住房阶层 南京 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]