基于生态连通协同居民可达视角的山地城镇公共绿地格局演变及其效能  

The Pattern Evolution of Public Green Space in Mountainous Towns and Its Performance from the Perspective of Coordinating Ecological Connectivity with Residents'Accessibility

作　　者：唐梦婷 张云 TANG Mengting;ZHANG Yun(Institute of Landscape Architecture,College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University;Center for Balance Architecture,Zhejiang University;The Architectural Design&Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院园林研究所 [2]浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心 [3]浙江大学建筑设计研究院有限公司

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第7期93-99,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划项目“浙江省丘陵地区传统村落的空间生长及低碳更新支撑体系”(编号LGN22E080001);浙江大学科研项目“基于绿地服务能力的建成区周边绿色空间利用与优化研究”(编号XY2023010)。

摘　　要：【目的】公共绿地的格局演变深受城镇空间生长方式影响,在不同维度产生正、负向效能,在山地区域尤为复杂。兼顾公共绿地的生态连通性与居民可达性,是山地城镇公共绿地现实发展的难题,也是动态平衡“人”与“生态”发展需求的保障。【方法】以浙江省景宁畲族自治县县城为例,基于Markov模型推演2007—2021年城镇空间生长过程,结合形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)法和连通性指数法分析绿地景观连通性,采用空间句法计算居民可达性。【结果】识别出景宁县城空间具有轴向延伸与指状扩张的生长方式,在生长过程中形成了公共绿地的3种独特类型,即狭长绿带、零星规则绿地、不规则山体绿地。发现景宁县城公共绿地格局演变产生了3种典型的负向效能:1)生态空间面积增加,但结构连通性未明显提升且功能连通性下降;2)绿地空间分布与可达“核心”错位;3)带状绿地局部可达性不佳。【结论】景宁县公共绿地的景观连通性与内部核心区比重显著正相关,而可达性与其自身格局特征及空间分布有关。据此提出山地城镇公共绿地在轴向延伸与指状扩张的空间生长方式下,增加原有公共绿地内部核心区面积、在各片区可达“核心”就近布局公共绿地的优化策略,以及在新老城区差异化应用的思路。[Objective]The pattern evolution of public green space is deeply influenced by the way of urban growth,thus producing positive and negative performance in several dimensions,which is much more complicated in mountainous areas.A layout tailored to local conditions can positively adapt to urban patterns,effectively coordinate artificial and natural systems,and provide sustainable ecological well-being for humanity.If there is a lack of in-depth understanding of specific environmental characteristics,the layout of public green spaces is prone to functional aphasia and negative adaptation.Coordinating the landscape connectivity and resident accessibility of public green space is a challenge to urban development in mountainous towns,also a guarantee for dynamically balancing the development needs of“people”and“ecology”.In terms of landscape connectivity,current research mainly focuses on regional scales such as habitat protection,hydrological connectivity assessment,and environmental suitability assessment.However,there is still a gap in research on smaller scales such as urban public green space,and exploring the evolution laws and importance of landscape connectivity of different public green spaces can reveal their role and positioning in maintaining the overall ecological pattern of cities and towns.Besides,the research on green space accessibility mostly focuses on large cities in plains,with insufficient attention paid to the accessibility issues caused by the native terrain and spatial growth mode of mountainous towns.How to form a public green space layout that balances ecological connectivity and resident accessibility in the process of urban spatial growth under mountainous conditions is an urgent problem to be solved.[Methods]Taking Jingning County in Lishui City,Zhejiang Province as an example,this research uses the Markov Model to deduce the change of land use structure and the process of urban spatial growth from 2007 to 2021.By summarizing and analyzing the distribution location,green space form

关 键 词：山地城镇 公共绿地 空间生长 景观连通性 居民可达性 效能评价 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]