基于GIS的天水市麦积区洪涝灾害风险区划研究  

Flood Disaster Risk Zoning in Maiji District of Tianshui City Based on GIS

作　　者：梁晓波 杨小莉 安斌 李映春[2] LIANG Xiaobo;YANG Xiaoli;AN Bin;LI Yingchun(Maiji District Meteorological Bureau,Tianshui,Gansu 741020,China;Tianshui Meteorological Bureau,Tianshui,Gansu 741000,China)

机构地区：[1]天水市麦积区气象局,甘肃天水741020 [2]天水市气象局,甘肃天水741000

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2024年第4期175-182,共8页Forest Inventory and Planning

基　　金：甘肃省气象局气象科研项目(人才专项)(2122rczx-县局业务技术带头人-03).

摘　　要：利用麦积区气象灾害风险普查数据,结合降水记录及气象灾情数据、地理空间数据、社会经济数据,选取暴雨灾害致灾因子的危险性、孕灾环境的敏感性、承灾体的脆弱性和防灾减灾能力4个因子进行麦积区洪涝灾害风险区划研究。研究表明,1965—2020年麦积区雨水活动主要集中在6~8月,年降水量500.2 mm,降水时段集中且强度较大。统计数据显示,麦积区的山洪灾害主要由暴雨和强雷雨引起,当降水量超过20 mm或者8 h内一般性降水量超过30 mm时,麦积区可能会出现严重洪涝灾害。麦积区洪涝灾害降雨影响因子的地域分布十分规律,由西北向东南依次增多。麦积区洪涝灾害的地形影响因子显示,北部边界地区的洪涝灾害敏感性最高,中部及南部河谷次之,西部较低,而中、东部林区最低。麦积区洪涝灾害高,次高风险区主要集中在北部边界河流主干道及中部农、林业主要产区,中、次低、低风险区主要集中在北部高海拔区及东南部林区。提出加大防洪工程建设,提高水工基建质量,全面细致地排查灾害风险隐患等防灾减灾对策。Based on the general survey data of meteorological disaster risk in Maiji District,combined with precipitation records and meteorological disaster data,geographical spatial data,and socio-economic data,the four factors including the risk of rainstorm disaster causing factors,the sensitivity of disaster pregnant environment,the vulnerability of disaster bearing bodies,and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction,were selected to carry out the research on flood disaster risk zoning in Maiji District.The research showed that from 1965 to 2020,rainwater activity in Maiji District was mainly concentrated from June to August,with an annual precipitation of 500.2 mm.The precipitation period was concentrated and intense.Statistics showed that mountain torrents in Maiji District were mainly caused by rainstorm and heavy thunderstorm.When the precipitation exceeded 20 mm or the general precipitation exceeded 30 mm within 8 hours,serious floods may occur in Maiji District.The regional distribution of rainfall influencing factors for flood disasters in Maiji District was very regular,increasing from northwest to southeast.The terrain impact factors of flood disasters showed that the sensitivity of flood disasters was highest in the northern border area,followed by the central and southern river valleys,lower in the western region,and lowest in the central and eastern forest areas.The high and sub-high risk areas of flood disasters in Maiji District were mainly concentrated in the main rivers along the northern border and the main agricultural and forestry production areas in the central region.The medium,sub-low,and low risk areas were mainly concentrated in the high-altitude areas in the north and the forest areas in the southeast.This paper proposed to increase the construction of flood control projects,improve the quality of hydraulic infrastructure,and comprehensively and meticulously investigate disaster risks and hidden dangers in disaster prevention and reduction measures.

关 键 词：洪涝灾害 风险区划 危险性 敏感性 脆弱性 防灾减灾能力 天水市麦积区 

分 类 号：S761.1[农业科学—森林保护学] P208[农业科学—林学]