不同灌溉方式下水氮供应对冬小麦水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of water-nitrogen coupling under different irrigation methods on water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat

作　　者：柳腾飞 马莉 汪顺生 刘宇龙 王帝儒 赵逸飞 李凯旋 LIU Tengfei;MA Li;WANG Shunsheng;LIU Yulong;WANG Diru;ZHAO Yifei;LI Kaixuan(School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Zhaokou Sub-Center of Henan Eastern Water Conservancy Guarantee Center,Kaifeng 475000,China;Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for the Efficient Utilization of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学水利学院,郑州450046 [2]河南省豫东水利保障中心赵口分中心,河南开封475000 [3]黄河流域水资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,郑州450046

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第7期11-18,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079051);河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目(24IRTSTHN012);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A57004,23A570006);华北水利水电大学博士研究生创新基金(NCWUBC202302);河南省水利科技攻关项目(GG202336)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同灌溉方式下水氮耦合对冬小麦产量、产投比(VCR)、土壤氮素残留(NR)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)的影响,进而优化河南省冬小麦水氮管理制度。【方法】本研究以济麦22为研究对象,设定2种灌溉方式(宽垄沟灌(F),畦灌(Q)),3个灌水下限(60%田间持水率(W1)、70%田间持水率(W2)、80%田间持水率(W3)),3个施氮量水平(120 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、220 kg/hm^(2)(N2)、320 kg/hm^(2)(N3)),建立综合评价小麦产量、灌溉方式、水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力、土壤氮素残留以及产投比的多目标优化模型,使用遗传算法进行寻优。【结果】①灌溉方式、灌水下限和施氮量对冬小麦水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力、0~100 cm深度土壤硝态氮残留和产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。产量和水分利用效率均随灌水下限和施氮量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势。②FW2N2处理的产量、水分利用效率以及净利润达到最大值,分别为9686.93 kg/hm^(2)、1.97 kg/m^(3)、15142.93元/hm^(2),相较于FW1N1处理分别增加了44.71%、56.65%、56.59%,这说明恰当的水氮供应具有增产与节水有机统一的良好潜力。【结论】冬小麦最优的水氮耦合管理措施为:灌溉方式采用宽垄沟灌,灌水下限为70%田间持水率,施氮量232.64 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization are critical to maintaining agricultural production in most regions in China.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of water-nitrogen coupling under different irrigation methods on water and nitrogen use efficiency by winter wheat in attempts to provide an optimal irrigation-fertilization for wheat production in Henan province.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field with Jimai 22 variety used as the model plant.We compared two irrigation methods:wide furrow irrigation(F)and border irrigation(Q),each having three irrigation amounts by controlling the lower soil moisture for irrigation at 60%(W1),70%(W2)and 80%(W3)of the field capacity,respectively.For each irrigation treatment,there were three nitrogen fertilizations by applying 120(N1),220 kg/hm^(2)(N2)and 320 kg/hm^(2)(N3)of nitrogen.Using the measured data and genetic algorithm,we optimized the irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for jointly maximizing wheat yield,water use efficiency,nitrogen partial factor productivity,soil nitrogen residue and output-input ratio.【Result】①Irrigation method,the lower soil water content for irrigation and nitrogen application all had a significant effect on water use efficiency,nitrogen partial factor productivity of the wheat,as well as soil nitrate residue in the 0-100 cm soil and the wheat grain yield(P<0.01).With the increase in nitrogen application and the lower soil water content for irrigation,the grain yield and water use efficiency of the wheat both increased first followed by a decrease.②Grain yield,water use efficiency and the net profit were maximum in F+W2+N2,reaching 9686.93 kg/hm^(2),1.97 kg/m^(3) and 15142.93 yuan/hm^(2),respectively,which were 44.71%,56.65%and 56.59%higher than those in F+W1+N1.【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for winter wheat in the studied area are:wide ridge furrow irrigation with the lower limit for irrigation being 70%of the field capacity,coupled with 245.46 kg/hm^(2

关 键 词：水氮耦合 水分利用效率 氮肥偏生产力 产量 产投比 土壤氮素残留 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]