中国西北旱区加工番茄需水量时空变异特征研究  

Spatial and temporal variability of irrigation water demand of processing tomato in the Northwest Arid Region of China

作　　者：郑茹月 任前 谢琪 谭君位 黄冠华[1,2] ZHENG Ruyue;REN Qian;XIE Qi;TAN Junwei;HUANG Guanhua(Center for Agricultural Water Research,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;National Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Water Resource,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083 [2]农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第7期39-47,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项项目(NMKJXM202105,NMKJXM202004);国家自然科学基金项目(51909004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究中国西北旱区加工番茄需水量的时空变异特征。【方法】根据西北旱区40个典型气象站点1985—2014年气象资料,基于作物系数法和水量平衡原理,计算并分析了研究区加工番茄不同生育阶段及全生育期实际腾发量(ET_(c))和灌溉需水量(I_(c))时空变异规律。【结果】①西北旱区加工番茄全生育期ET_(c)和I_(c)从西向东大致呈低-高-低的变化特征,新疆东部、甘肃和宁蒙区西北部ET_(c)和I_(c)呈高值,且具有明显的空间差异性;②新疆、甘肃和宁蒙区加工番茄全生育期年均ET_(c)分别为460.98~1202.69、591.14~749.92、530.63~878.66 mm,年均I_(c)分别为187.21~1180.98、508.69~702.97、354.94~851.14 mm;③西北旱区加工番茄全生育期ET_(c)和I_(c)在1985—2014年总体均呈增加趋势(0~30.0 mm/10 a),其中新疆和甘肃地区平均ET_(c)和I_(c)呈显著增加趋势,而宁蒙区平均ET_(c)呈不显著增加趋势,且I_(c)年际间变化趋势不明显。【结论】西北旱区加工番茄生育期ET_(c)和I_(c)呈现强烈的时空变异特征,在气候变化环境下迫切需要大力推进节水灌溉技术、加强水资源优化调配。【Objective】Study on the spatial and temporal variability in water demand of processing tomato in the Northwest Arid Region of China is very essential for local agricultural water management and optimal allocation.【Method】Based on the meteorological data measured from 40 weather stations in 1985—2014 within the study region,the evapotranspiration(ET_(c))and irrigation water demand(I_(c))were calculated for the processing tomato,using the modified crop coefficients and water balance equation.【Result】Spatially from the west to the east,the ET_(c) and I_(c) of the processing tomato during different growing stages increased first and then decreased,with its value peaking in eastern Xinjiang,Gansu and Northwestern Ningxia and Inner Mongolia.The annual average ET_(c) during the growing period of the tomato in Xinjiang,Gansu,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia were 460.98-1202.69 mm,591.14-749.92 mm,and 530.63-878.66 mm,respectively.Meanwhile,the annual average I_(c) in these three regions were 187.21-1180.98 mm,508.69-702.97 mm,and 354.94-851.14 mm,respectively.On the time scale of 30 years,the ET_(c) and I_(c) in tomato growing period increased at a rate ranging from 0 to 30.0 mm/10 a.In particular,the ET_(c) in Xinjiang and Gansu showed a significant increase,while the ET_(c) in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia increased insignificantly.Additionally,the trend of average I_(c) in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia was not obvious.【Conclusion】The ET_(c) and I_(c) over whole growing period of processing tomato in the study region showed strong spatial and temporal variability,and there is an urgent need to implement water-saving irrigation technology and strengthen the optimal allocation of water resources under the environment of climate change.

关 键 词：灌溉需水量 加工番茄 实际腾发量 时空变异特征 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]