地下膜调控润灌对冬小麦土壤水分及生长的影响  

The effect of subsurface membrane-irrigation on soil moisture and growth of winter wheat

作　　者：陶治 吴现兵[1] 程伍群[1] 魏亮 贾志军 顾宗芳 高鑫 TAO Zhi;WU Xianbing;CHENG Wuqun;WEI Liang;JIA Zhijun;GU Zhongfang;GAO Xin(Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Hebei Water Resources Research and Water Conservancy Technology Test and Extension Center,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;Baoding Irrigation Experiment Station,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071000 [2]河北省水资源研究与水利技术试验推广中心,石家庄050000 [3]保定市灌溉试验站,河北保定071000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第7期48-56,112,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：河北省水利科技计划项目(2022-14)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索地下膜调控润灌下冬小麦适宜灌溉制度。【方法】针对地下膜调控润灌,设定300 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1)、450 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)和600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3)3种灌水定额,采取连续灌溉(S1)、间歇灌溉(S2)和传统畦灌(CK)3种灌水模式,通过灌水定额与灌水模式田间小区组合试验,研究土壤水分分布和冬小麦的生长性状、耗水规律、产量构成和水分利用效率。【结果】①W3S1处理和W3S2处理较CK灌溉水更集中分布于作物根系层,下渗量减少,提高了株高、籽粒产量和水分利用效率(WUE);②地下膜调控润灌下,随着灌水定额的增加,20~60 cm土层土壤含水率增加;S2处理较S1处理可降低灌溉水向80~100 cm土层下渗;③冬小麦各生育阶段株高、叶面积指数(LAI)和全生育期耗水量均和灌水定额呈正相关;灌水模式对株高和LAI的影响不显著,但可显著提高全生育期耗水量;④随着灌水定额增加,S2处理较S1处理分别增产6.52%、13.11%和3.46%,籽粒产量和WUE呈现先增加后减少的趋势。【结论】相较于CK,地下膜调控润灌可实现节约灌溉用水并提高产量,综合考虑灌后土壤水分分布、作物生长性状、耗水规律、产量和WUE,W2S2处理是最优的灌溉制度,可以在获得更高籽粒产量的同时,提高WUE。【Objective】Surface membrane irrigation is a new irrigation technique developed over the past decades to reduce water leaching and improve water retention in the root zone.This paper investigates the effect of different subsurface-membrane irrigation amounts on soil moisture and winter wheat growth.【Method】The field experiment compared three irrigation amounts:300m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1),450 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)and 600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3),each irrigation treatment having two irrigation schedules:continuous irrigation(S1),and intermittent irrigation(S2).Traditional border irrigation was taken as the control(CK).During the experiment,we measured water distribution in the soil,as well as growth,water consumption,yield composition and water use efficiency of the wheat.【Result】①Compared to CK,the W3+S1 and W3+S2 improved soil water in the root zone and reduced deep water infiltration,therefore increasing plant height,grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE).②With the increase in irrigation amount,water content in the 20-60cm soil layer increased.Compared with S1,S2 reduced the infiltration of irrigation water into the 80-100cm soil layer.③Plant height,leaf area index(LAI)and water consumption of the wheat were positively correlated with irrigation amount,regardless of its growing stages.Irrigation scheduling did not have a significant effect on plant height and LAI,but significantly affected totalwater consumption of the wheat.④With the increase in irrigation amount,S2 increased grain yield by 3.46%to 13.11%,compared with S1,with the increase depending on irrigation amount.With the increase in irrigation amount,the grain yield and WUEincreased first and then decreased.【Conclusion】Compared with CK,subsurface membrane irrigation saved water and increased grain yield.Considering soil water distribution,crop growth,water consumption,grain yield and WUE,W2+S2 was optimal for wheat production in the studied region.

关 键 词：地下膜调控润灌 土壤水分分布 生长性状 耗水规律 籽粒产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512.11[农业科学—农业工程]