灌水定额分配对耐盐碱水稻生育特征的影响  

Effect of irrigation schedule on growth of saline-alkali tolerant rice

作　　者：刘云鹏 杨正虎 马东海 张智 张邦彦 白小龙 张恩 张朝辉 武晋民 张震中 王彬[1] LIU Yunpeng;YANG Zhenghu;MA Donghai;ZHANG Zhi;ZHANG Bangyan;BAI Xiaolong;ZHANG En;ZHANG Chaohui;WU Jinmin;ZHANG Zhenzhong;WANG Bin(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Tsinghua University-Ningxia Yinchuan Joint Research Institute of Digital Water Control,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]清华大学-宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院,银川750021

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第7期66-76,共11页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900603-03);清华大学-宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院项目(sklhse-2022-Iow03)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明宁夏银北地区不同耐盐碱水稻品种对灌水定额响应特征。【方法】以宁夏银北地区大面积推广的2个耐盐碱水稻品种:宁粳56号(NJ56)和吉粳105号(JJ105)为研究对象,设置4个灌水定额分配方式:W1(出苗前期3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)、苗期1050 m^(3)/hm^(2)、分蘖期1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)、拔节期2100 m^(3)/hm^(2)、抽穗期1350 m^(3)/hm^(2)、灌浆期900 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W2(出苗前期2700 m^(3)/hm^(2)、苗期1650 m^(3)/hm^(2)、分蘖期1200 m^(3)/hm^(2)、拔节期1500 m^(3)/hm^(2)、抽穗期1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)、灌浆期1350 m^(3)/m^(2))、W3(出苗前期2400 m^(3)/hm^(2)、苗期1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)、分蘖期1050 m^(3)/hm^(2)、拔节期1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)、抽穗期1050 m^(3)/hm^(2)、灌浆期2100 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W4(出苗前期2100 m^(3)/hm^(2)、苗期1500 m^(3)/hm^(2)、分蘖期2100 m^(3)/hm^(2)、拔节期1350 m^(3)/hm^(2)、抽穗期500 m^(3)/hm^(2)、灌浆期1650 m^(3)/hm^(2)),研究灌水定额分配方式对宁夏银北地区耐盐碱水稻生长、产量及品质的影响,并进行综合评价得出最佳灌水定额和耐盐高产水稻品种。【结果】①吉粳150号水稻W1处理下的垩白粒率和垩白度最高,分别达到68.67%和19.30%,W2处理下水稻出苗率较高,达到84.47%,W3处理下精米率、蛋白质量、胶稠度最高,分别达到81.76%、9.40%、9.13。②宁粳56号水稻W1处理下水稻分蘖成穗率、实际产量、灌水利用效率、含水率、直链淀粉量均最高,分别达到75.67%、10388.78 kg/hm^(2)、101.85%、10.50%、20.07%,W3处理下千粒质量最高,达到24.83 g,W4处理水稻穗长和单穗粒质量最高,分别达到21.35 cm和2.81 g,宁粳56号水稻和吉粳105号水稻的W4处理碱消值同时达到7。【结论】最佳灌水量为W4(出苗前期2100 m^(3)/hm^(2)、苗期1500 m^(3)/hm^(2)、分蘖期2100 m^(3)/hm^(2)、拔节期1350 m^(3)/hm^(2)、抽穗期1500 m^(3)/hm^(2)、灌浆期1650 m^(3)/hm^(2)),最佳宁粳56号水稻,是宁夏盐碱地治理节水抑盐调控效【Objective】Soil salinity and alkalinity is the main soil stress facing crop production in Northwestern China.Developing crop varieties resistant to salinity and alkalinity is a way to developing sustainable agriculture in this region.This paper presents an experimental study on the impact of irrigation amount and schedule on growth of saline-alkali tolerant rice in Northern Yinchuan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.【Method】The experiments used Ningjing 56(NJ56)and Jijing 105(JJ105)-two saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties commonly grown in this region-as model plants.There were four irrigation treatments(W1-W4).The irrigation amount for W1-W4 was:3000,2700,2400 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 2100 m^(3)/hm^(2) before seedling emergence;1050,1650,1800 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 1500 m^(3)/hm^(2) at the seedling stage;1800,1200,1050 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 2100 m^(3)/hm^(2) at the tillering stage,2100,1500,1800 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 1350 m^(3)/hm^(2) at the jointing stage;1350,1800,1050 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 500 m^(3)/hm^(2) at the heading stage;900,1350,2100 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 1650 m^(3)/hm^(2) at grain filling stage,respectively.The effect of each irrigation treatment on growth,yield and quality of the rice were measured in the experiment,from which we calculated the optimal irrigation for each rice variety.【Result】①For JJ105,the percentage of chalky grain and the degree of chalkiness were the highest in W1,reaching 68.67% and 19.30%,respectively;the seedling emergence was the highest in W2,reaching 84.47%.W3 gave the highest milling rate,protein content and gel consistency,reaching 81.76%,9.40%,9.13,respectively.②For NJ56,W1 gave the highest tillering and panicle formation rate,grain yield,irrigation water use efficiency,and water and amylose content in the grains,reaching 75.67%,10388.78 kg/hm^(2),101.85%,10.50% and 20.07%,respectively;the 1000-grain weight was the highest in W3,reaching 24.83 g;W4 gave the highest spike length,and grain weight per spike,reaching 21.35 cm and 2.81 g,respectively;the alkali elimination value in W4 was 7 f

关 键 词：灌水定额 耐盐碱水稻 旱直播 生育特征 综合评价 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]