交口灌区农业水土资源承载力评价及障碍因子诊断  

The carrying capacity of agricultural soil and water resources and its determinants in Jiaokou Irrigation District

作　　者：陈宇[1] 刘燕[1] 赵志强 CHEN Yu;LIU Yan;ZHAO Zhiqiang(College of Water Resources and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Shandong Research Institute of Water Resources,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学水利与环境学院,西安710054 [2]山东省水利科学研究院,济南250013

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第7期98-105,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家111引智计划项目(B08039);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(300102291507);陕西省水利厅科技项目(2016slkj-28);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019SF-237)。

摘　　要：【目的】评价交口灌区农业水土资源承载力及其障碍因子。【方法】以交口灌区为研究对象,构建包括水土资源、社会、经济、生态环境4个准则层的水土资源承载力评价指标体系,采用组合赋权的TOPSIS模型对交口灌区水土资源承载力进行综合评价,采用障碍度模型诊断制约灌区农业水土资源承载力的主要障碍因子。【结果】2016—2020年,交口灌区水土资源承载力呈稳步提升态势,各区、县的水土资源承载力差距逐渐缩小;灌区不同区、县的水土资源承载力水平差异显著,灌区北部承载力水平高于灌区南部,各区、县承载力指数介于0.257~0.621;水土资源和生态环境系统中的单位耕地农药施用量、水土资源匹配系数、单位耕地施肥量、垦殖率、生态环境用水率、水资源开发利用率是制约交口灌区水土资源承载力提升的主要障碍因子。【结论】水土资源和生态环境是影响灌区水土资源承载力的关键要素,灌区应以可持续发展理论为导向,注重农业发展与生态保护并重,综合提升灌区承载力。【Objective】The Jiaokou Irrigation District is a vital agricultural production base in Shaanxi Province,and this study evaluates the carrying capacity of its soil and water resources,aiming to provide a guidance for sustainable use of agricultural resources in this region.【Method】The indexes used to construct the evaluation system for carrying capacity of soil and water included soil and water resources,social,economic and ecological environment,based on data measured from 2016 to 2022.The TOPSIS model with combined weights was used to analyze the carrying capacity of soil and water resources,as well as the obstacles that restrict the carrying capacity.【Result】①From 2016 to 2020,the carrying capacity of soil and water resources in the region had steadily improved,and the difference in carrying capacity between districts and counties in the region had gradually narrowed,despite difference in carrying capacity of soil and water resources between districts and counties still remainingsignificant.②Spatially,the carrying capacity in the north of the region was higher than that in the south,across which its value varied from 0.257 to 0.621.③The main factors that restrict the carrying capacity of soil and water in the region were pesticide and fertilizer applications per unit cultivated land,matching coefficient between soil and water resources,soil reclamation,ecological water use,and water resource development and utilization.【Conclusion】The carrying capacity of soil and water resources had been leveling up in the region.Ecological environment is the key factor affecting the carrying capacity of soil and water resources.In order to comprehensively enhance the bearing capacity of the region,developing irrigation areas should consider sustainability,as well as the balance between agricultural development and ecological protection.

关 键 词：交口灌区 水土资源承载力 TOPSIS模型 障碍因子 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]