红豆杉种子休眠原因及其解除技术研究  

Studies on Dormancy Mechanism and Dormancy Release of Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis

作　　者：季晓莲 马港振 戴钊 刘睿 康永祥[3] JI Xiao-lian;MA Gang-zhen;DAI Zhao;LIU Rui;KANG Yong-xiang(Yangling Vocational&Technical College,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Yachang State-Owned Forest Farm,Baise,Guangxi 533099,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]广西壮族自治区国有雅长林场,广西百色533209 [3]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第4期112-119,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：陕西省林业科技创新项目(SXLK2021-01-03)。

摘　　要：红豆杉种子在自然条件下休眠期长,萌发困难。通过种皮透水性、种胚的萌发特性以及对种子各部分提取液抑制作用的测定,探究红豆杉种子的休眠机理;通过不同种子处理条件下其萌发率对比,探究其休眠解除技术。结果表明,新采收的成熟红豆杉种子种皮透水性较好,胚发育正常,种子活力91.1%;种皮和胚乳中内源抑制物的存在是导致种子休眠的主要原因。流水冲洗、激素浸种、层积沙藏等方法均可以在一定程度上解除红豆杉种子休眠,其中以变温层积对种子休眠的解除效果最为显著,先暖温层积180 d,再低温层积180 d的变温层积可使种子的萌发率达到58.67%;激素浸种效果次之,200 mg·L^(-1) GA_3与10 mg·L^(-1) 6-BA的激素组合进行浸种后层积,种子层积6个月后即有22.33%的萌发率,层积12个月后萌发率达55.00%;流水冲洗+室外层积的种子处理方式也具有较好的效果,种子萌发率可达43.34%。The difficulty of seed germination of Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis leads to the difficulty of natural regeneration.The dormancy mechanism of T.wallichiana var.chinensis seeds was explored by measuring the water permeability of seed coat,the germination characteristics of embryo and the inhibition effects of the extracts of different seed organs.Through the comparison of germination rate under different seed treatment conditions,the dormancy release technology was explored.The results showed that the seed coat of newly harvested T.wallichiana var.chinensis had good water permeability,and the normal embryo development could meet the needs of seed germination.The presence of endogenous inhibitors was the main reason for seed dormancy.Flowing water washing,hormone soaking,stratification sand storage and other methods could all play roles in relieving the dormancy of the seeds to a certain extent.Among them,the effect of variable temperature stratification on seed dormancy was the most significant.The germination rate of the seeds could reach 58.67%after 180 days of warm temperature stratification and 180 days of low temperature stratification.The effect of hormone soaking was the second.The combination of 200 mg·L^(-1) GA3 and 10 mg·L^(-1)6-BA was used for stratification after soaking.The germination rate of the seeds was 22.33%after 6 months of stratification,and the germination rate was 55.00%after 12 months of stratification.The effect of low temperature stratification was better too by washing with running water and then outdoor stratification,and the seed germination rate could reach 43.34%.

关 键 词：红豆杉 种子休眠 解除休眠 层积 

分 类 号：S722.14[农业科学—林木遗传育种]