青岛市3种常绿灌木滞尘量与叶微观特征及光合作用等的相关性分析  

Correlation Analysis Between Dust Retention and Leaf Microscopic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Three Evergreen Shrubs in Qingdao

作　　者：孙丽 张颖 李文彬 包红光[3] 孙迎坤 SUN Li;ZHANG Ying;LI Wen-bin;BAO Hong-guang;SUN Ying-kun(College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry,Qingdao Agriculture University,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China;Rizhao Garden Sanitation Group Co.,Ltd.Rizhao 276800,Shandong,China;Forestry College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学园林与林学院,山东青岛266109 [2]日照园林环卫集团,山东日照276800 [3]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第4期232-241,共10页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MC156)。

摘　　要：为探讨滞尘后3种灌木叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及气体交换参数的变化,分析叶面微结构以及叶绿素荧光参数、气体交换参数与植物滞尘量的相关性。以青岛市城阳区3种常见的常绿灌木为研究对象,通过3级滤膜过滤法测定各灌木单位叶面积滞留不同粒径颗粒物(TSP、PM>10、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5))的质量,通过扫描电镜观察比较3种常绿灌木的叶表面微形态特征。结果表明,1)3种灌木叶片单位叶面积滞尘能力为火棘>瓜子黄杨>小叶女贞。2)电镜扫描叶表面微结构可知,叶表面粗糙、下表皮气孔较多且分布密集,起伏大,存在不规则条纹组织及沟状组织的植物有利于颗粒物的附着,主成分分析发现3种灌木的单位叶面积TSP仅与植物的下表皮沟槽宽度呈现出正相关关系,与其他指标无显著相关性。3)滞尘后3种灌木叶片叶绿素含量、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))和光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著(P<0.05)低于滞尘前处理,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)则显著高于滞尘前处理;此外,3种灌木叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))和胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))差异显著,与滞尘前相比,滞尘后3种灌木的P_(n)、T_(r)、G_(s)分别下降27.1%、44.2%、7.1%,7.9%、38.3%、19.7%和38.0%、38.7%、11.6%,C_(i)分别增加8.2%、5.1%、4.9%,主成分分析可知,3种灌木的单位叶面积TSP与叶绿素含量、F_(v)/F_(m)以及P_(n)呈显著或极显著负相关,与C_(i)呈显著正相关。结论认为,叶表面粗糙度、气孔数量及大小、沟槽宽度等影响植物的滞尘能力,滞尘对植物叶片叶绿素以及叶绿素荧光参数产生一定程度的影响,降低植物叶片的光合作用,后期可考虑选择火棘作为滞尘能力强的灌木树种。Taking three common evergreen shrubs in Chengyang District,Qingdao City as the research objects,the mass of particulate matter(TSP,PM>10,PM_(10),PM_(2.5))retained per unit leaf area of each shrub was measured using a three-stage membrane filtration method.The leaf surface micromorphological characteristics of the three evergreen shrubs were observed and compared under scanning electron microscopy,and the correlations between leaf microstructure,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,gas exchange parameters,and plant dust retention were analyzed.The dust retention capacity per unit leaf area of the leaves ofthe three shrubs was as follows:Pyracantha fortuneana>Buxus sinica>Ligustrum quihoui.Scanning themicrostructure of the leaf surface with an electron microscope showed that the leaf surface was rough,witha dense and undulating distribution of stomata in the lower epidermis.Plants with irregular striped and furrowedtissue were conducive to the attachment of particles.Principal component analysis found that the TSP per unit leaf area of the three shrubs only showed a positive correlation with the width of the groovesin the lower epidermis of the plant,and there was no significant correlation with other indicators.The chlorophyllcontent,maximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m)),and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)of the leaves of the three shrubs after dust retention were significantly lower than those before dustretention,while the non photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)was significantly higher than those beforedust retention.In addition,there were significant differences in the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpirationrate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))of the leaves ofthe three shrubs.Compared with those before dust retention,the P_(n),T_(r),and G_(s)of the three shrubs afterdust retention decreased by 27.1%,44.2%,7.1%,7.9%,38.3%,19.7%,and 38.0%,38.7%,11.6%,and C_(i) increased by 8.2%,5.1%,and 4.9%,respectively.The principal component analysis show

关 键 词：滞尘量 叶微观特征 叶绿素荧光 气体交换参数 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]