联盟链型供应链金融系统的构建、机制和应用  

Construction, Mechanism and Application of Supply Chain Finance System Based on Consortium Blockchain

作　　者：何涛 裴平[1] 吴心弘 HE Tao;PEI Ping;WU Xinhong(School of Business,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210039,China;China National Clearing Center,The People’s Bank of China,Beijing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学商学院,江苏南京210093 [2]中国人民银行清算总中心,北京100048

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期47-61,共15页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDA043);上海市社会科学青年基金项目(2020EJB009)。

摘　　要：供应链金融有利于缓解企业融资瓶颈,但还有许多理论和实践问题亟须解决。以联盟链为底层技术,将企业、银行和政府部门等参与主体连接在一起,构建联盟链型供应链金融系统,并深入讨论联盟链型供应链金融系统的选型依据、网络架构、运行机制和业务应用。研究表明:(1)相对于公有链和私有链而言,联盟链的部分去中心化、共识信任、不可篡改、智能合约和隐私性等优良特性,能够有效满足供应链金融的业务性、安全性和监管性等要求;(2)采用实用性拜占庭容错算法经过“选主、打包、建块和验证”实现一致共识后将数据上链存储于联盟链分布式总账本,是联盟链型供应链金融系统运行机制的关键;(3)通过采用联盟链型供应链金融系统,供应链上中小企业的融资绩效能够显著提高,即获取资金时间缩短、贷款利率降低和贷款规模扩大。研究结果可以为解决供应链上中小企业的融资难融资贵问题提供新路径和新方案,同时为银行和企业等进行联盟链型供应链金融系统的开发与应用提供现实指引。Due to the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic around the world in 2020 and the huge impact on the global supply chain,small and medium-size enterprises(SME s)are facing huge pressure to survive,and the financing conditions for SMEs are is particularly difficult.Once the cashflow chain is broken,SMEs may face bankruptcy,thus endangering the survival of large and medium-sized firms,and may even lead to the collapse of the whole supply chain.In the long term,the financing constraints of SMEs have been a problem that has plagued many countries around the world,including developed countries,and have not been effectively solved.Supply chain finance is one of the effective methods to alleviate financing constraints for firms.However,traditional supply chain finance has many shortcomings,such as information asymmetry,transaction forgeries,difficult credit evaluation,low business efficiencies,and inconvenient regulation of collateral.This paper utilizes the excellent characteristics of blockchain to empower traditional supply chain finance,which can effectively resolve the shortcomings of traditional supply chain finance and help alleviate the financing constraints of firms.The research results not only can provide a new way to effectively solve the financing constraints for SMEs,but also can make a positive contribution to the comprehensive development of the digital economy and society.Currently,most literatures mainly discuss the basic characteristics,development models,business optimizations,and evolutionary games of blockchain-based supply chain finance.This paper firstly indicates the reasons for choosing the consortium blockchain and illustrates the network constructions of the supply chain finance system based on consortium blockchain.And then we initially analyze the operating mechanism of the system through adopting PBFT algorithm to achieve consistent consensus.We finally show the application scenarios of accounts receivable financing in our system.The main results we found are as follows.Firstly,because of the

关 键 词：供应链金融 联盟链 区块链 共识算法 实用性拜占庭容错算法 中小企业融资 分布式账本 

分 类 号：F832.4[经济管理—金融学]