基于阳离子调控的ADN防吸湿技术  

Anti-hygroscopic Technology for Ammonium Dinitramide(ADN)Based on Its Cationic Regulation Strategy

作　　者：彭盼盼 屈炜宸 杜黎小松 史淑婧 赵新岩 李磊 杜芳[1,2] 陶博文 李洪旭[2] PENG Pan-pan;QU Wei-chen;DU LI Xiao-song;SHI Shu-jing;ZHAO Xin-yan;LI Lei;DU Fang;TAO Bo-wen;LI Hong-xu(National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Chemical Power,Xiangyang 441003,China;Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology,Xiangyang 441003,China)

机构地区：[1]航天化学能源全国重点实验室,湖北襄阳441003 [2]湖北航天化学技术研究所,湖北襄阳441003

出　　处：《含能材料》2024年第7期754-760,共7页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22175059)。

摘　　要：二硝酰胺铵(ADN)作为一种极具应用前景的氧化剂,其阳离子NH4+易与空气中的水分子形成氢键,因而存在强吸湿性缺点,无法实现大规模化工程应用。据此,研究提出一种阳离子调控策略,结合Schiff base反应和离子交换反应,以对苯二甲醛(TPA)、氨基胍盐酸盐(AGC)和ADN为原料,通过操作简单、安全高效的一锅法反应,成功合成出含二价阳离子的新型二硝酰胺类含能离子盐(DBDN)。采用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁光谱等对其化学结构进行表征,同时结合热分析、机械感度测试和理论计算对其理化性能进行分析,并采用干燥器平衡法对ADN和DBDN进行吸湿性研究。结果显示,DBDN的撞击感度(IS)、摩擦感度(FS)和热分解温度(T_(d))分别为>40 J、16%和225℃,其安定性要远优于ADN(5 J、76%和198℃)。此外,在25℃、相对湿度(RH)分别为66%和75%的条件下,静置9 d后,ADN的吸湿率高达24.1%和39.5%,而DBDN仅为0.26%和0.48%,表现出不吸湿特性。Ammonium dinitramide(ADN),as a highly promising new oxidant,is still difficult to achieve large-scale applications due to its strong hygroscopicity.Numerous studies show that the strong hygroscopicity of ADN is mainly attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between NH4+cations and water molecules in air.In this work,a novel dinitramide energetic ionic salt(DBDN)containing divalent cation was synthesized by a simple,safe and efficient one-pot reaction using terephthalaldehyde(TPA),aminoguanidine hydrochloride(AGC)and ADN as raw materials through Schiff base reaction and ion exchange reaction.The product was characterized by elemental analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy.Its physical and chemical properties were tested by thermal analysis,mechanical sensitivity testing,and theoretical calculations.In addition,the hygroscopicity of ADN and DBDN was studied by using the desiccator equilibrium method.The impact sensitivity(IS),friction sensitivity(FS)and thermal decomposition temperature(T_(d))of DBDN are>40 J,16%and 225℃,respectively.The stability of DBDN is much better than that of ADN(5 J,76%and 198℃).Under the conditions of 25℃and relative humidity(RH)of 66%and 75%,after 9 days,the hygroscopic rates of the ADN are as high as 24.1%and 39.5%,respectively,while those of DBDN are only 0.26%and 0.48%,showing non-hygroscopic properties of DBDN.

关 键 词：二硝酰胺铵(ADN) 吸湿性 阳离子调控策略 二价阳离子 新型二硝酰胺类含能离子盐(DBDN) 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]