一种面向联盟链Hyperledger Fabric的并发冲突事务优化方法  

A Concurrent Conflict Transaction Optimization Method for Consortium Blockchain Hyperledger Fabric

作　　者：吴海博[1,2] 刘辉 孙毅 李俊 Wu Haibo;Liu Hui;Sun Yi;Li Jun(Computer Network Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Shandong Key Laboratory of Blockchain Finance(Shandong University of Finance and Economics),Jinan 250014;Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院计算机网络信息中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]山东省区块链金融重点实验室(山东财经大学),济南250014 [4]中国科学院计算技术研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《计算机研究与发展》2024年第8期2110-2126,共17页Journal of Computer Research and Development

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0111500);中国科学院国际伙伴计划(241711KYSB20200023);开放科学基础设施治理前沿研究(CNIC20220101)。

摘　　要：随着区块链技术应用的普及,联盟链Hyperledger Fabric(简称Fabric)已成为知名区块链开源平台,并得到广泛关注.然而Fabric仍受困于并发事务间冲突问题,冲突发生时会引发大量无效交易上链,导致吞吐量下降,阻碍其发展.对于该问题,现有面向块内冲突的方案缺乏高效的冲突检测和避免方法,同时现有研究往往忽略区块间冲突对吞吐量的不利影响.提出了一种Fabric的优化方案Fabric-HT(fabric with high throughput),从区块内和区块间2方面入手,有效降低事务间并发冲突和提高系统吞吐量.针对区块内事务冲突,提出了一种事务调度机制,根据块内冲突事务集定义了一种高效数据结构——依赖关系链,识别具有“危险结构”的事务并提前中止,合理调度事务和消除冲突;针对区块间事务冲突,将冲突事务检测提前至排序节点完成,建立以“推送-匹配”为核心的冲突事务早期避免机制.在多场景下开展大量实验,结果表明Fabric-HT在吞吐量、事务中止率、事务平均执行时间、无效事务空间占用率等方面均优于对比方案.Fabric-HT吞吐量最高可达Fabric的9.51倍,是最新优化方案FabricSharp的1.18倍;空间利用率上相比FabricSharp提升了14%.此外,Fabric-HT也表现出较好的鲁棒性和抗攻击能力.With the prevalence of blockchain technology,Hyperledger Fabric(Fabric for short),as a well-known open source blockchain platform,has received wide attention.However,Fabric still suffers from conflicts between concurrent transactions.Conflicts will cause a large number of invalid transactions entering the chain,resulting in a decrease in throughput and hindering its development.For this problem,existing intra-block-conflict-oriented schemes lack efficient conflict detection and avoidance methods,and ignore the adverse impact of inter-block conflicts on throughput.We propose an optimization scheme for Fabric,Fabric-HT(Fabric with high throughput),from both intra-block and inter-block aspects to effectively reduce concurrency inter-transaction conflicts and improve system throughput.For intra-block transaction conflicts,we present a transaction scheduling mechanism,in which an efficient data structure(the dependency chain)is defined to identify and abort transactions with“dangerous structures”in advance,reasonably schedule transactions and eliminate conflicts;for inter-block transaction conflicts,the conflict transaction detection is moved to the sorting node to complete,and an early conflict transaction avoidance mechanism following“push-match”pattern is established.A large number of experiments are carried out in multiple scenarios,and the results show that Fabric-HT overperforms existing schemes in terms of throughput,transaction abort rate,average transaction execution time,and invalid transaction space occupancy.The results show that the throughput of Fabric-HT can reach up to 9.51x that of Fabric and 1.18x of the latest optimized scheme FabricSharp;compared with FabricSharp,the space utilization is increased by 14%.In addition,Fabric-HT also shows good robustness and anti-attack ability in solving concurrent transaction conflict.

关 键 词：并发冲突 区块链 Hyperledger Fabric 事务调度 冲突检测 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]