“有头脸”与“有头有脸”的来源及相关问题  

The Origin and Relevant Issues of“you tou lian”(“有头脸”)and“you tou you lian”(“有头有脸”)

作　　者：叶建军[1] 邓壮艳 YE Jianjun;DENG Zhuangyan(College of Humanities,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]温州大学人文学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《丽水学院学报》2024年第4期54-64,共11页Journal of Lishui University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“大语言视域中汉语修辞与词汇、语法互动研究”(20&ZD298)。

摘　　要：“有头脸”与“有头有脸”均为“有名誉、有身份、有面子”义。“有头脸”始见于明代。在特定的积极评价的语境中,“头脸”通过转喻机制转指人的“名誉、身份、面子”等;由于受到表示增量肯定的动词“有”的影响,其主观性增强,通过语境吸收机制增加了积极、正向量,语义由中性义向褒义偏移。“有头脸”最迟到了清末民初已完成构式化。“有头有脸”始见于清代中叶,由于韵律组合规则的制约,其在类推机制作用下由“有头脸”扩展而来。“有头有脸”最迟到了清末民初已完成构式化。与“有头脸”“有头有脸”相关的肯定形式和否定形式包括“有脸(儿)、没脸(儿)、无脸、没头脸、没头没脸”等。其中肯定形式与肯定形式之间、否定形式与否定形式之间在语义上相同或不相同,肯定形式与否定形式之间在语义上对称或不对称。Both“you tou lian”(“有头脸”)and“you tou you lian”(“有头有脸”)mean“having reputation,status and face.”“you tou lian”(“有头脸”)first appeared in the Ming Dynasty.In a specific and positive evaluation context,“tou lian”(“头脸”)refers to a person’s“reputation,status and face”,etc.through a metaphorical mechanism.Due to the influence of the verb“you”(“有”)that expresses incremental and affirmative meaning,the subjectivity of“tou lian”(“头脸”)has increased.It absorbs active and positive vectors through the mechanism of context absorption,and its semantic meaning has shifted from the neutral to the positive.“you tou lian”(“有头脸”)had completed its constructional process by the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.“you tou you lian”(“有头有脸”)first appeared in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.Due to the restriction of the rule of rhythm combination,it is an expansion of“you tou lian”(“有头脸”)under the role of analogical mechanism.“you tou you lian”(“有头有脸”)had completed its constructional process by the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Positive and negative forms which are related to“you tou lian”(“有头脸”)and“you tou you lian”(“有头有脸”)include“you lian(er)”[“有脸(儿)”],“mei lian(er)”[“没脸(儿)”],“wu lian”(“无脸”),“mei tou lian”(“没头脸”),“mei tou mei lian”(“没头没脸”)and so on.Among them,there are semantic similarities or differences both among positive forms and among negative forms,and semantic symmetries or asymmetries between positive forms and negative forms.

关 键 词：“有头脸” “有头有脸” 语义偏移 构式化 相关形式 

分 类 号：H134[语言文字—汉语]