不同供锌水平麦田小麦锌营养对土施锌肥的响应  

Response of Wheat Zinc Nutrition to Zinc Fertilization into Soils with Variable Available Zinc

作　　者：黄婷苗 陆乃昆[1] 解秉强 曹寒冰 乔月静 杨珍平 高志强[1] 李廷亮[1] HUANG TingMiao;LU NaiKun;XIE BingQiang;CAO HanBing;QIAO YueJing;YANG ZhenPing;GAO ZhiQiang;LI TingLiang(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University/Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau,Taigu 030801,Shanxi;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院/黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心,山西太谷030801 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第14期2815-2826,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700);农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室基金(ZWYY-2023-03);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L167);黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心自主研发项目(SBGJXTZX-42);山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202304051001042);山西农业大学科技创新基金(2020BQ72)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同供锌麦田土壤有效锌和小麦籽粒锌含量对土施锌肥的响应,探索基于土壤有效锌实现小麦锌营养强化的调控措施,为优化田间锌肥管理、指导小麦丰产优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】在黄土高原东部的山西太谷(高锌麦田)和万荣(低锌麦田)分别开展两年田间定位试验,设置土施锌肥0、6、12、18、24 kg Zn·hm^(-2),研究不同施锌量的高、低锌麦田小麦籽粒产量和锌含量、地上部锌吸收转移分配和土壤有效锌的变化特征。【结果】高、低锌麦田,土施不同量锌肥的小麦籽粒产量均无显著差异。高锌麦田,随锌肥用量增加,小麦籽粒锌含量增幅较小,第1年各处理间无显著差异。第2年,施锌处理的籽粒锌含量比不施锌增加了2.4%—11.0%;前后两年,无论施锌与否,籽粒锌含量均高于40 mg·kg^(-1);与不施锌相比,锌转运系数秸秆-籽粒、籽粒锌分配指数分别降低了23.9%—37.9%、4.3%—13.1%,地上部20%以上的锌残留在茎叶中。低锌麦田,籽粒锌含量和地上部各器官锌吸收量随锌肥用量增加而增加,锌转运系数秸秆-籽粒则相反;相比不施锌处理,施锌处理的两年平均籽粒锌含量增加了9.4%—23.1%,锌转运系数秸秆-籽粒降低了13.5%—24.5%,但各器官锌分配指数无显著差异。高、低锌麦田,土壤有效锌含量均随锌肥用量的增加而明显提升。回归分析表明,高锌麦田的土壤有效锌含量与籽粒锌含量呈二次曲线关系,低锌麦田为“线性+平台”关系,土壤有效锌含量增至4.12 mg·kg^(-1)时,籽粒锌含量最高,达34.76 mg·kg^(-1)。【结论】黄土高原东部一年一熟的小麦生产中,对于高锌麦田,应充分利用土壤有效锌,即使不施锌肥,也可实现小麦锌营养强化;低锌麦田,仅靠土施锌肥很难提升籽粒锌含量达到推荐值(40 mg·kg^(-1)),改善小麦锌营养可考虑通过土施锌肥使土壤有效锌含量提高至4 mg·kg^(-1)以�【Objective】The objective of this study was to clarify the response of soil available zinc(Zn)and wheat grain Zn concentration to soil Zn fertilization under different Zn supply field conditions,and to explore the Zn fertilizer regulation measures for grain Zn fortification based on soil available Zn,so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing Zn fertilizer application and achieving wheat grain with high-yield and high-quality.【Method】The two-year location-fixed field experiments with five Zn fertilizer application rates of 0,6,12,18,and 24 kgZn·hm^(-2) were carried out at Taigu(high-Zn field)and Wanrong(low-Zn field)of Shanxi Province in the eastern Loess Plateau,respectively.The wheat grain yield and Zn concentration,Zn uptake and its translocation and distribution in the aerial part,as well as soil available Zn were investigated in the high-and low-Zn fields.【Result】Grain yield was not affected by Zn fertilizer rates in both high-and low-Zn fields.In high-Zn field,a slight increase in grain Zn concentration was observed with the increase of Zn fertilizer rates.For grain Zn concentration,no significant difference existed among all treatments in the first year,while it was increased by 2.4%-11.0%for Zn fertilization treatments as compared with that of no Zn fertilization in the second year.The grain Zn concentration was higher than 40 mg·kg^(-1) for all treatments.Compared with Zn application,the Zn transfer factor from straw to grain and grain Zn portioning index were decreased by 23.9%-37.9%and 4.3%-13.1%,respectively,and more than 20%of shoot Zn still remained in the stems and leaves at wheat harvest.In low-Zn field,the grain Zn concentration and Zn uptake in each organ increased with increasing Zn rates,whereas the opposite trend was observed for Zn transfer factor from straw to grain.Compared with no Zn application,the grain Zn concentration averaged two years increased by 9.4%-23.1%,while the Zn transfer factor from straw to grain decreased by 13.5%-24.5%,but no obvious difference was f

关 键 词：小麦 土施锌肥 土壤有效锌 籽粒锌含量 锌转运分配 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]