高速列车会车时桥梁振动和结构辐射噪声特性分析  

Characteristics analysis of the bridge vibration and structure-borne noise when high-speed trains passing by each other

作　　者：杜淼 王开云 閤鑫[2] 张小安 DU Miao;WANG Kaiyun;GE Xin;ZHANG Xiaoan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第14期122-130,147,共10页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U19A20110);甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RA344,22JR11RA152);中央引导地方科技发展资金(22ZY1QA005);甘肃省教育厅青年博士基金(2022QB-063);兰州市科技计划项目(2022-ZD-131);兰州交通大学重点研发项目(LZJTU-ZDYF2302)。

摘　　要：高速列车会车时会引起桥梁振动加剧,进而影响桥梁结构辐射噪声。基于车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合动力学理论、有限元及边界元法,建立了桥梁结构噪声预测模型,对比了单车与会车时桥梁的振动与噪声特性及机理,研究了板件声压贡献情况。结果表明:列车交会时桥梁加速度和声功率整体较单车运行时更大,但声功率变化趋势一致且优势频段均为30~90 Hz;会车工况下靠近地面区域的声压级较单车运行时显著增大,桥下和桥旁典型场点处声压级也更大,最大差值分别为4~7 dB和6~9 dB;在20 Hz处各场点噪声均低于听阈,在63 Hz以上频段内噪声响度级约为60~70 phon,两种工况下响度级差异在10 phon以内;总体而言,在优势频段内,会车时桥梁各板件对典型场点的声贡献量较单车运行时更大,其中左腹板对桥下和桥旁各场点的声贡献量变化最显著,最大增幅分别为10.13 dB和10.27 dB。The vibration of a bridge is intensified when two high-speed trains pass by each other,which affects the radiated noise of the bridge.A structure-borne noise prediction model of the bridge was established based on the vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory,finite element method,and boundary element method.The characteristics and mechanism of vibration and noise of the bridge under single train operation and two trains passing by each other were compared,and the panel components acoustic contribution was studied.The results show that both the acceleration and acoustic power of the bridge under the condition of two trains passing by each other are generally larger than those under the single-train operation condition.The sound power variation trends are consistent for both conditions and the dominant frequency band is 30-90 Hz.Compared with the single train operation condition,the sound pressure level at the areas near the ground increases significantly under the condition of two trains passing by each other,and the corresponding sound pressure levels at the typical field points under or beside the bridge are much larger,with maximum differences of about 4-7 dB and 6-9 dB,respectively.The noise at the field points at 20 Hz is below the threshold of hearing,and the loudness level is about 60-70 phon in the frequency range above 63 Hz.Besides,the difference between loudness levels is within 10 phon under the two conditions.Overall,in the dominant frequency band,the panels’acoustic contribution to the typical field points noise when two trains pass by each other is generally larger than that when a single train operates.Among the panel components,the left web has the most significant change in the acoustic contribution to the field points noise under and beside the bridge,with the maximum increase of 10.13 dB and 10.27 dB respectively.

关 键 词：高速铁路 会车 桥梁振动 结构噪声 板件贡献 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程]