大豆收获机割台关键技术及损失研究现状分析  

Research status analysis of key technology and loss of soybean harvester header

作　　者：连潇[1] 王建吉[1] 朱砚 Lian Xiao;Wang Jianji;Zhu Yan(College of Intelligent Manufacturing,Longdong University,Qingyang,745000,China;Beneficiation Plant of Jinchuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinchang,737100,China)

机构地区：[1]陇东学院智能制造学院,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]金川集团股份有限公司选矿厂,甘肃金昌737100

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第8期8-13,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：甘肃省农业农村厅农机装备补短板行动项目(njyf2023—06)。

摘　　要：割台作为大豆收获机的核心部件,其技术性能直接关系到大豆的收获质量和收获损失率。针对割台仿形设计、割台高度控制技术、影响割台损失率的关键技术展开研究和分析。首先,综述割台仿形机构与割台高度控制的结构、工作原理及关键技术,对比分析国内外的研究差距。其次,针对大豆炸荚、割台关键技术与割台损失的相关性进行深入分析,探讨割台损失产生的主要原因和影响因素,提出关键技术的改进建议。最后,展望我国大豆收获机割台在多元化、智能化与自动化方向的发展趋势,大豆炸荚生物特性及大豆收获机收获损失研究方面的发展趋势。研究发现,我国现有大豆收获机存在割台仿形性能差、割台自适应控制技术滞后、割台损失率偏高等问题。同时有效揭示国内大豆收机割台仿形机构、割台升降装置、割台的自适应性及割刀等关键技术存在的问题,割台振动、割台位置与仿形及撞击力导致割台损失率高的原因,为我国大豆收获机割台关键技术的突破创新及降低收获损失的进一步研究提供重要参考。As the cornerstone of soybean harvesting equipment,the technical efficacy of the header significantly influences both the quality of harvest and the rate of soybean loss.This paper investigates and evaluates the pivotal technologies associated with header design profiling,header height control,and technologies impacting header loss rates.Initially,it provides a synthesis of the structure,operational principles,and critical technologies concerning the profiling mechanism and height control of the cutting table,while conducting a comparative analysis of research lacunae domestically and internationally.Subsequently,it conducts an in⁃depth analysis of the correlation between key technologies related to soybean pod ejection and header functionality and the ensuing header loss.Discussion ensues on the principal causes and influential factors contributing to header loss,alongside proposes enhancement strategies for key technologies.Finally,it looks forward with the development trend of soybean harvester cutting table in China in the direction of diversification,intelligence and automation,the development trend of soybean pod blasting biological characteristics and harvest loss research of soybean harvester.It is found that the existing soybean harvesters in China have some problems,such as poor cutting table copying performance,lagging cutting table adaptive control technology and high cutting table loss rate.At the same time,it effectively reveals the problems existing in the key technologies of soybean harvester cutting table copying mechanism,cutting table lifting device,self⁃adaptability of cutting table and cutting knife,and the reasons for the high loss rate of cutting table caused by cutting table vibration,cutting table position,copying and impact force,which provides important references for the breakthrough innovation of key technologies of soybean harvester cutting table in China and further research on reducing harvest loss.

关 键 词：大豆收获机割台 割台损失 仿形机构 炸荚 收获损失 

分 类 号：S232.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S23-01[农业科学—农业工程]