河南省部分公共场所空气中化学污染物污染状况及健康风险  

Indoor air pollution and health risks assessment of chemical pollutants in public places in Henan province

作　　者：闫晓娜 彭靖 赵秋艳 张杰[1] 王永星[1] 杨似玉 张欣烨[1] 张书芳[1] YAN Xiaona;PENG Jing;ZHAO Qiuyan;ZHANG Jie;WANG Yongxing;YANG Siyu;ZHANG Xinye;ZHANG Shufang(Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2024年第6期417-421,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20210163)。

摘　　要：目的了解河南部分公共场所空气中化学污染物污染状况,评估甲醛、氨、苯系物对从业人员的健康风险。方法通过“环境健康信息平台”公共场所健康危害因素监测数据信息管理系统收集2020—2021年河南省4个地级市宾馆(酒店)和理发店室内空气质量监测数据,依据《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777—2021)进行健康风险评估。结果本次调查宾馆(酒店)202家次、理发店96家次。宾馆(酒店)合格率从低到高依次为PM_(10)(66.76%)、PM_(2.5)(70.07%)、甲醛(95.97%)、CO_(2)(96.83%)、二甲苯(99.42%)、苯(99.71%)、甲苯(100.00%)和CO(100.00%);理发店合格率从低到高依次为PM_(10)(61.95%)、PM_(2.5)(65.49%)、氨(83.19%)、甲醛(87.61%)、苯(97.35%)、甲苯(99.12%)、二甲苯(100.00%)。宾馆(酒店)甲苯的非致癌风险(HQ)<1;甲醛、苯、二甲苯的HQ中位数均<1,HQ最大值均>1。理发店甲苯、二甲苯的HQ均<1;甲醛、苯、氨的HQ中位数均<1,HQ最大值均>1。两类场所甲醛致癌风险(CR)中位数均介于10^(-6)~10^(-4),最大值均>10^(-4);苯的CR中位数均<10^(-6),宾馆(酒店)苯的CR最大值介于10^(-6)~10^(-4),理发店苯的CR最大值>10^(-4)。结论两类场所存在室内空气污染情况,需采取控制措施。根据相应健康风险,甲醛需引起重点关注与控制,苯也应引起部分高风险场所的关注,个别二甲苯、氨高风险场所需加强监督管理。Objective To assess the pollution status of chemical pollutants in the air of some public places in Henan province and evaluate the health risks posed by formaldehyde,ammonia,and benzene series compounds to employees.Methods Indoor air quality monitoring data from hotels and hair salons in four cities in Henan province during 2020 to 2021 were collected via the"Environmental Health Information Platform"of"Surveillance of Environmental Health Hazards in Public Places"information management system.The health risks were assessed according to Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure(WS/T 777-2021).Results The survey included a total of 202 hotels and 96 hair salons.For hotels,the qualification rates were as follow:PM_(10)(66.76%),PM_(2.5)(70.07%),formaldehyde(95.97%),CO_(2)(96.83%),xylene(99.42%),and benzene(99.71%),with toluene and CO both at 100.00%.For hair salons,the rates were:PM_(10)(61.95%),PM_(2.5)(65.49%),ammonia(83.19%),formaldehyde(87.61%),benzene(97.35%),and toluene(99.12%),with xylene at 100.00%.The non-carcinogenic hazard quotient(HQ)of toluene in hotels was below 1,while the median HQ values for formaldehyde,benzene,and xylene were all less than 1,but the maximum HQ values all exceeded 1.In hair salons,the HQ for toluene and xylene was below 1,with the median HQ values of formaldehyde,benzene,and ammonia less than 1,and the maximum HQ values above 1.The median carcinogenic risks(CR)of formaldehyde ranged from 10^(-6)to 10^(-4),with the maximum CR exceeding 10^(-4).The median CR of benzene was below 10^(-6),with the maximum CR of benzene in hotels ranging from 10^(-6)to 10^(-4),and in hair salons above 10^(-4).Conclusions Both types of public places exhibit indoor air pollution,necessitating control measures.Formaldehyde merits particular attention and control,while benzene requires monitoring in some high-risk locations.Supervision and management should be enhanced for some public places with high xylene and ammonia levels.

关 键 词：公共场所 室内空气 健康风险评估 化学污染物 河南省 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]