混凝-共沉淀法处理含铀钍废水的研究  

Study of Coagulation-Coprecipitation for Treatment of Waste Water Containing Uranium and Thorium

作　　者：刘小龙[1] 任萌[1] 杨海涛 杨卓颖 曾诚 Liu Xiaoong;Ren Meng;Yang Haitao;Yang Zhuoying;Zeng Cheng(Nuclear Fuel Elements and Material Institute of Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核动力研究设计院核燃料元件及材料研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《广东化工》2024年第11期133-135,120,共4页Guangdong Chemical Industry

摘　　要：在核燃料元件研制和生产过程中,由于各种先进燃料元件掺杂元素种类不同,废液中除放射性污染物铀化合物外,还含有由燃料掺杂产生的钍(Th)等金属元素化合物。在含铀钍废液共沉淀过程中,钍盐还可以作为混凝剂对铀进行去除和净化。实验结果表明:对于含铀钍废液混凝-共沉淀体系,壳聚糖作为絮凝剂絮凝效果较好,废液中初始铀浓度越高,铀去除率越高,但铀浓度增加至60 mg·L^(-1)时,铀浓度的升高对铀去除率的影响就不再显著;钍铀比在低浓度铀([U]=20~60 mg·L^(-1))废液中对铀去除率影响较为显著,当钍铀比为1∶1时,铀去除率趋于平衡,在较高浓度铀([U]=60~100 mg·L^(-1))废液中没有显著影响。壳聚糖的加入量控制在0.5~1 mg·mgU^(-1)左右;pH值控制在8左右处理效果较好。温度对铀去除率影响较小,温度升高铀去除率略有下降,总体而言铀去除率>92%,钍去除率>96%。In the process of preparation of fuel elements,there will be more different kinds of waste liquid containing uranium and thorium.The combined coagulation and coprecipitation technological process was used to treat waste water containing uranium and thorium.Experimental study the treatment effect of uranium removal in above the 5 influence factors.Results shown that the chitosan has the better flocculation effect and the removal rate of uranium rises with the initial concentration of uranium increasing.When the concentration of uranium rises to 60 mg/L,the effect of increasing of the concentration of uranium on the removal rate of uranium is no longer outstanding.The effect of the ratio of Th/U on the removal rate of uranium is obvious when the concentration of uranium is lower([U]=20~60 mg·L^(-1)),but it is no longer outstanding when the concentration of uranium is higher([U]=60~100 mg·L^(-1)).The removal rate of uranium tends to balance when the ratio of Th/U=1∶1.While the amount of chitosan is controlled within 0.5~1 mg·mgU^(-1),and pH is controlled about 8,the effect of treatment is better.The temperature has less effect on the removal rate of uranium,the removal rate of uranium is increase little as the temperature rising.In general,almost 92%uranium and 96%thorium could be removed from the waste water.

关 键 词：铀 钍 废水 混凝 共沉淀 

分 类 号：TQ028[化学工程]