非洲国家矿业法演进趋势、影响与合作建议  

Evolution Trend,Influence and Cooperation Suggestions of Mining Law in African Countries

作　　者：于瑞 张伟波[1] 张福良[1] 朱伟东[2] YU Rui;ZHANG Weibo;ZHANG Fuliang;ZHU Weidong(Development and Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;Institute of West-Asian and African Studies,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [2]中国社会科学院西亚非洲研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国国土资源经济》2024年第7期66-76,共11页Natural Resource Economics of China

基　　金：地质调查项目“战略性矿产资源政策与投资环境评价”(DD20211404)。

摘　　要：非洲矿产资源丰富,矿业在非洲国家经济发展中占据十分重要的地位。2016年以来,刚果(金)、南非、赞比亚等10个非洲国家相继修改了矿业法或者出台了与矿业相关的法律,提高国家对矿业项目的参与程度和利益分成,延伸本土矿业产业链,完善矿业管理体系,以矿业发展带动经济和社会发展。本轮非洲10个国家的矿业法调整提升了东道国对合资企业的控制力,增加了企业经营成本,同时也对企业拓展矿产品本地加工增值、履行社会责任等方面提出更高要求。基于此,文章建议在未来中非矿业合作中,国家层面应更加重视与重要合作国家的税收协定并加大投资保护力度,深化国际矿业产能合作,协调布局规划国外矿业产能合作基地;企业层面应做好风险预警与研判,尽可能通过谈判争取税收稳定条款,遵守东道国本土成分要求,切实履行社会责任。African countries are rich in mineral resources,and mining plays a very important role in their economic development.Since 2016,ten African countries including the Democratic Republic of the Congo,South Africa,and Zambia amended their mining laws or introduced mining-related laws,increasing the state's participation degree and benefit sharing in mining projects,extending the local mining industry chain,improving the mining management system,and driving economic and social development with mining development.This round of adjustment of mining laws in the ten African countries has enhanced the control of host countries over joint ventures,increased the operating costs of enterprises,and also put forward higher requirements for enterprises to expand the value-added local processing of mineral products and fulfill social responsibilities.Based on these,regarding the China-Africa mining cooperation in the future,the paper suggests that China should,at the national level,pay more attention to tax agreements with important cooperation countries and increase investment protection,deepen international mining production capacity cooperation,and coordinate the layout and planning of foreign mining production capacity cooperation bases.Moreover,the enterprises should do a good job of risk early warning and research and judgment,strive for tax stability clauses through negotiations as much as possible,comply with the requirements of the host countries’local components,and effectively fulfill social responsibilities.

关 键 词：非洲 矿业法 矿业投资 中非合作 

分 类 号：D94[政治法律—法学] F416.1[经济管理—产业经济] F062.1