土壤碳循环微生物作用研究进展  

Roles of microorganisms in carbon cycling in soil

作　　者：占奥丽 黄敏[1] 尹龙 廖先青 吴佳璇 何小龙 ZHAN Aoli;HUANG Min;YIN Long;LIAO Xianqing;WU Jiaxuan;HE Xiaolong(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2024年第4期70-81,共12页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学联合基金重点项目(U21A20237);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800502)。

摘　　要：土壤碳是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,其碳循环过程在气候调节中发挥着重要作用,而微生物是土壤碳循环的关键驱动力。土壤微生物能与植物共生间接促进植物光合作用与土壤碳的输入,可直接参与土壤碳的固定与转化。微生物残体及其分泌物在矿物质结合态有机质和土壤团聚体的形成中发挥关键作用,有利于土壤有机碳的长期稳定。微生物介导的激发效应对土壤有机质分解具有调控作用,可影响土壤CO_(2)和CH_(4)等温室气体的排放。通过微生物作用提升土壤的固碳潜力或碳汇功能,可助力我国实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的重大战略目标。本文综述了微生物在土壤有机碳输入、有机质形成与稳定、有机质分解矿化等过程中的作用与机制,以及土壤性质、气候条件、植物因素与人类活动对微生物介导的土壤碳循环的影响,尤其是相关研究的最新进展与理论更新。未来可加强微生物介导的土壤有机碳稳定化与碳储过程的作用机制研究,关注土壤微生物群落结构功能与碳循环之间的复杂关系及其对全球变化的响应。Carbon in soil is an important component of the global carbon cycle,and the processes of carbon cycling play a crucial role in regulating climate,with microorganisms being the key driving force behind carbon cycling in soil.This article reviewed the roles and mechanisms of microorganisms in the input of organic carbon in soil,formation and stabilization of organic matter in soil,the processes of decomposing and mineralizing organic matter in soil,and the effects of soil properties,climate conditions,plant factors,and human activities on microorganisms mediated carbon cycling in soil,especially the progress and theoretical updates in related studies.Microorganisms in soil can indirectly promote the photosynthesis in plant and the input of carbon in soil through its symbiosis with plants,and can directly participate in the fixation and transformation of carbon in soil.Microbial residues and their secretions play a crucial role in the formation of mineral-associated organic matter and aggregates in soil,which is beneficial for the long-term stability of organic carbon in soil.The microorganisms mediated effect of priming has a regulatory effect on the decomposition of organic matter in soil,which can affect the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO_(2) and CH_(4) from the soil.Studies on the mechanism of microorganisms mediated processes of stabilizing the organic carbon and storing carbon in soil in the future should be strengthened and focus on the complex relationship between the structure and function of microbial community and the carbon cycling in soil,as well as their response to global changes.It will provide new insights for China to achieve its major strategic goals of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutrality”through enhancing the potential of carbon sequestration or the function of carbon sink with microbial activity.

关 键 词：土壤微生物 土壤碳循环 微生物固碳 土壤有机质 微生物残体 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] X131.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]