扰动诱发高应力岩石动力响应及岩爆灾变机制  

Dynamic response law of high-stressed rock triggered by dynamic loading and mechanism of rockburst occurrence

作　　者：蔡鑫[1,2,3] 陈立业 周子龙 王运敏[1,2] 代碧波 程传清 黄英华 CAI Xin;CHEN Liye;ZHOU Zilong;WANG Yunmin;DAI Bibo;CHENG Chuanqing;HUANG Yinghua(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety Technology of Metal Mines,Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410012,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,长沙410083 [2]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,马鞍山243000 [3]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,长沙410012

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第7期2463-2475,共13页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52334003,52104111,52274249);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30819);金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(kfkt2023-01)。

摘　　要：为揭示深部矿山岩爆发生机制,以硬质红砂岩为研究对象,利用岩石动静组合加载试验系统开展了无轴向静压及4个轴压条件下的不同入射能冲击试验,获得了纯动载及动静组合加载下岩样的力学行为与破坏特征。结果表明:试样最终形态分为完整、轴向劈裂、表面剥离、即时型粉碎和滞后型粉碎五类,其中,表面剥离和滞后型粉碎两类破坏模式表现出“岩爆”特征,即Ⅰ型应力−应变曲线、峰后释放能量、岩石自身静应变储能驱动碎片弹射、明显压剪破坏面;根据碎片弹射与动力加载的相对时间,进一步将表面剥离与滞后型粉碎破坏分别对应深地工程中的“即时型”和“滞后型”岩爆;动力扰动是岩爆的关键诱发因素,触发岩爆的临界扰动能随轴压比升高而逐渐降低。To reveal the occurrence mechanism of rockburst in deep mines,we took a hard red sandstone as the research object,and conducted series of impact tests with different incident energy under no axial static pressure or four axial pre-stress levels by using the coupled static-dynamic rock testing system.The mechanical response and damage characteristics of red sandstone samples subjected to pure dynamic loading and coupled static-dynamic loading were obtained.The results show that the final patterns of samples after tests can be divided into five categories:intact,axial splitting,surface spalling,instant pulverization and delayed pulverization.The modes of surface spalling and delayed pulverization exhibit the characteristics of“rockburst”,includingⅠtype of stress-strain curve,energy release at post-peak,the static strain energy stored in the sample driving the ejection of fragments,obvious compressive-shearing failure planes on rock fragments.According to the relative time of fragment ejection and dynamic loading,the surface spalling and delayed pulverization failure modes respectively correspond to the instant and delayed rockburst in actual engineering.Dynamic disturbance is the key inducement factor of rockburst occurrence.The critical disturbance energy to trigger rockburst decreases gradually with the rise of axial stress ratio.

关 键 词：岩爆 动静组合加载 深部高应力 动力扰动 破坏模式 临界扰动能 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]